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Bones
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Common Name*
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TA Equivalent†
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Region
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Description
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Articulations
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astragalus. See
talus
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atlas
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atlas
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neck
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first cervical vertebra, ring of bone supporting the
skull
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with occipital b. and axis
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axis
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axis
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neck
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second cervical vertebra, with thick process (odontoid
process) around which first cervical vertebra pivots
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with atlas above and third cervical vertebra
below
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calcaneus
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calcaneus
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foot
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the "heel bone," of irregular cuboidal shape,
largest of the tarsal bones
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with talus and cuboid
b.
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capitate b.
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o. capitatum
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wrist
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third from thumb side of 4 bones of distal row of carpal
b's
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with second, third, and fourth metacarpal b's, and
hamate, lunate, trapezoid, and scaphoid b's
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carpal b's
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ossa. carpi
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wrist
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see capitate, hamate, lunate, pisiform b's, scaphoid,
trapezium, trapezoid, and triquetral b's
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clavicle
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clavicula
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shoulder
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elongated slender, curved bone (collar bone) lying
horizontally at root of neck, in upper part of thorax
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with sternum and ipsilateral scapula and cartilage of
first rib
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coccyx
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o. coccygis
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lower back
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triangular bone formed usually by fusion of last 4
(sometimes 3 or 5) (coccygeal) vertebrae
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with sacrum
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concha, inferior nasal
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concha nasalis inferior
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skull
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thin, rough plate of bone attached by one edge to side of
each nasal cavity, the free edge curling downward
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with ethmoid and ipsilateral lacrimal and palatine b's
and maxilla
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cuboid b.
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o. cuboideum
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foot
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pyramidal bone, on lateral side of foot, in front of
calcaneus
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with calcaneus, lateral
cuneiform b., fourth and fifth metatarsal b's, occasionally with navicular
b.
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cuneiform b., intermediate
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o. cuneiforme intermedium
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foot
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smallest of 3 cuneiform b's, located between medial and
lateral cuneiform b's
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with navicular, medial and
lateral cuneiform b's, and second metatarsal b.
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cuneiform b., lateral
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o. cuneiforme laterale
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foot
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wedge-shaped bone at lateral side of foot, intermediate
in size between medial and intermediate cuneiform b's
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with cuboid, navicular, intermediate cuneiform b's and
second, third, and fourth metatarsal b's
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cuneiform b., medial
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o. cuneiforme mediale
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foot
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largest of 3 cuneiform b's, at medial side of
foot
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with navicular, intermediate cuneiform, and first and
second metatarsal b's
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epistropheus. See axis
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ethmoid b.
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o. ethmoidale
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skull
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unpaired bone in front of sphenoid b. and below frontal
b., forming part of nasal septum and superior and medial conchae of
nose
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with sphenoid and frontal b's, vomer, and both lacrimal,
nasal, and palatine b's, maxillae, and inferior nasal conchae
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fabella
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knee
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sesamoid b. in lateral head of gastrocnemius
muscle
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with femur
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femur
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femur
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thigh
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longest, strongest, heaviest
bone of the body (thigh b.)
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proximally with hip b., distally with patella and
tibia
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fibula
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fibula
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leg
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lateral and smaller of 2 bones of leg
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proximally with tibia, distally with tibia and
talus
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frontal b.
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o. frontale
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skull
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unpaired bone constituting anterior part of
skull
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with ethmoid and sphenoid b's, and both parietal, nasal,
lacrimal, and zygomatic b's, and maxillae
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hamate b.
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o. hamatum
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wrist
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most medial of 4 bones of distal row of carpal
b's
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with fourth and fifth metacarpal b's and lunate, capitate,
and triquetral b's
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hip b.
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o. coxae
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pelvis and hip
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broadest bone of skeleton, composed originally of 3
bones which become fused together in acetabulum: ilium, broad,
flaring, uppermost portion; ischium, thick three-sided part behind
and below acetabulum and behind obturator foramen; pubis, consisting
of body (expanded anterior portion), inferior ramus (extending backward and
fusing with ramus of ischium), and superior ramus (extending from body to
acetabulum)
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with femur, anteriorly with its fellow (at symphysis
pubis), posteriorly with sacrum
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humerus
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humerus
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arm
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long bone of upper arm
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proximally with scapula, distally with radius and
ulna
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hyoid b.
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o. hyoideum
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neck
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U-shaped bone at root of tongue, between mandible and
larynx
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none; attached by ligaments and muscles to skull and
larynx
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ilium
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o. ilium
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pelvis
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see hip b.
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incus
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incus
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ear
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middle ossicle of chain in the middle ear, so named
because of its resemblance to an anvil
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with malleus and stapes
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innominate b. See hip
b.
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ischium
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o. ischii
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pelvis
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see hip b.
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lacrimal b.
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o. lacrimale
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skull
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thin, uneven scale of bone near rim of medial wall of
each orbit
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with ethmoid and frontal b's, and ipsilateral inferior
nasal concha and maxilla
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lunate b.
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o. lunatum
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wrist
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second from thumb side of 4 bones of proximal row of
carpus
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with radius, and capitate, hamate, scaphoid, and
triquetral b's
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malleus
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malleus
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ear
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most lateral ossicle of chain in middle ear, so named
because of its resemblance to a hammer
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with incus; fibrous attachment to tympanic
membrane
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mandible
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mandibula
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lower jaw
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horseshoe-shaped bone carrying lower teeth
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with temporal b's
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maxilla
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maxilla
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skull (upper jaw)
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paired bone, below orbit and at either side of nasal
cavity, carrying upper teeth
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with ethmoid and frontal b's, vomer, fellow maxilla, and
ipsilateral inferior nasal concha and lacrimal, nasal, palatine, and
zygomatic b's
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maxilla, inferior. See
mandible
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maxilla, superior. See
maxilla
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metacarpal b's
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ossa. metacarpi
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hand
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five miniature long bones of hand proper, slightly
concave on palmar surface
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first—trapezium and proximal phalanx of thumb;
second—third metacarpal b., trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, and proximal
phalanx of index finger (second digit); third—second and fourth metacarpal
b's, capitate and proximal phalanx of middle finger (third digit);
fourth—third and fifth metacarpal b's, capitate, hamate, and proximal
phalanx of ring finger (fourth digit); fifth—fourth metacarpal b., hamate
b., and proximal phalanx of little finger (fifth digit)
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metatarsal b's
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ossa. metatarsi
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foot
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five miniature long bones of foot, concave on plantar
and slightly convex on dorsal surface
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first—medial cuneiform b., proximal phalanx of great
toe, and occasionally with second metatarsal b; second—medial,
intermediate, and lateral cuneiform b's, third and occasionally with first
metatarsal b., and proximal phalanx of second toe; third—lateral cuneiform
b., second and fourth metatarsal b's and proximal phalanx of third toe;
fourth—lateral cuneiform b., cuboid b., third and fifth metatarsal b's and
proximal phalanx of fourth toe; fifth—cuboid b., fourth metatarsal b., and
proximal phalanx of fifth toe
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multangulum majus. See
trapezium; trapezoid b.
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nasal b.
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o. nasale
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skull
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paired bone, the two uniting in median plane to form
bridge of nose
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with frontal and ethmoid b's, fellow of opposite side,
and ipsilateral maxilla
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navicular b.
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o. naviculare
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foot
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bone at medial side of tarsus, between talus and cuneiform
b's
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with talus and 3 cuneiform b's,
occasionally with cuboid b.
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occipital b.
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o. occipitale
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skull
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unpaired bone constituting back and part of base of
skull
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with sphenoid b. and atlas and both parietal and
temporal b's
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os magnum. See capitate
b.
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palatine b.
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o. palatinum
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skull
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paired bone, the two forming posterior portions of bony
palate
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with ethmoid and sphenoid b's, vomer, fellow of opposite
side, and ipsilateral inferior nasal concha and maxilla
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parietal b.
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o. parietale
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skull
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paired bone between frontal and occipital b's, forming
superior and lateral parts of skull
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with frontal, occipital, sphenoid, fellow parietal, and
ipsilateral temporal b's
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patella
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patella
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knee
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small, irregularly rectangular compressed (sesamoid)
bone over anterior aspect of knee (kneecap)
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with femur
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phalanges (proximal, middle, and distal
phalanges)
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ossa. digitorum (phalanx
proximalis, phalanx media, and phalanx distalis)
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fingers and toes
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miniature long bones, two only in thumb and great toe,
three in each of other fingers and toes
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proximal phalanx of each digit with corresponding
metacarpal or metatarsal b., and phalanx distal to it; other phalanges with
phalanges proximal and distal (if any) to them
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pisiform b.
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o. pisiforme
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wrist
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medial and palmar of 4 bones of proximal row of carpal
b's
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with triquetral b.
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pubic b.
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o. pubis
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pelvis
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see hip b.
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radius
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radius
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forearm
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later and shorter of 2 bones of forearm
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proximally with humerus and ulna; distally with ulna and
lunate and scaphoid b's
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ribs
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costae
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chest
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12 pairs of thin, narrow, curved long bones, forming
posterior and lateral walls of chest
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all posteriorly with thoracic vertebrae; upper 7 pairs
(true ribs) with sternum; lower 5 pairs (false ribs), by costal cartilages,
with rib above or (lowest 2—floating ribs) unattached
anteriorly
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sacrum
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o. sacrum
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lower back
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wedge-shaped bone formed usually by fusion of 5
vertebrae below lumbar vertebrae, constituting posterior wall of
pelvis
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with fifth lumbar vertebra above, coccyx below, and with
ilium at each side
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scaphoid
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o. scaphoideum
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wrist
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most lateral of 4 bones of proximal row of carpal
b's
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with radius, trapezium, and trapezoid, capitate and
lunate b's
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scapula
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scapula
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shoulder
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wide, thin, triangular bone (shoulder blade) opposite second
to seventh ribs in upper part of back
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with ipsilateral clavicle and humerus
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sesamoid b's
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ossa. sesamoidea
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chiefly hands and feet
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small, flat round bones related to joints between
phalanges or between digits and metacarpal or metatarsal b's; include also
2 at knee (fabella and patella)
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sphenoid b.
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o. sphenoidale
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base of skull
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unpaired, irregularly shaped bone, constituting part of
sides and base of skull and part of lateral wall or orbit
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with frontal, occipital, and ethmoid b's, vomer, and
both parietal, temporal, palatine, and zygomatic b's
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stapes
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stapes
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ear
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most medial ossicle of chain in middle ear, so named
because of its resemblance to a stirrup
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with incus; ligamentous attachment to fenestra
vestibuli
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sternum
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sternum
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chest
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elongated flat bone, forming anterior wall of chest,
consisting of 3 segments: manubrium (topmost segment), body (in
youth composed of 4 separate segments joined by cartilage), and xiphoid
process (lowermost segment)
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with both clavicles and upper 7 pairs of
ribs
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talus
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talus
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ankle
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the "ankle bone," second largest of tarsal
b's
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with tibia, fibula, calcaneus,
and navicular b.
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tarsal b's
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ossa. tarsi
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ankle and foot
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see calcaneus, cuboid, intermediate, lateral, and
medial cuneiform b's, navicular b., and talus
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temporal b.
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o. temporale
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skull
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irregularly shaped bone, one on either side, forming
part of side and base of skull, and containing middle and inner
ear
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with occipital, sphenoid, mandible, and ipsilateral
parietal and zygomatic b's
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tibia
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tibia
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leg
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medial and larger of 2 bones of
lower leg (shin b.)
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proximally with femur and fibula, distally with talus
and fibula
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trapezium
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o. trapezium
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wrist
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most lateral of 4 bones of distal row of carpal
b's
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with first and second metacarpal b's and trapezoid and
scaphoid b's
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trapezoid b.
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o. trapezoideum
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wrist
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second from thumb side of 4 bones of distal row of
carpal b's
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with second metacarpal b. and capitate, trapezium, and
scaphoid b's
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triquetral b.
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o. triquetrum
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wrist
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third from thumb side of 4 bones of proximal row of
carpal b's
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with hamate, lunate, and pisiform b's and articular
disk
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turbinate b., inferior. See
concha, inferior nasal
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ulna
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ulna
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forearm
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medial and longer of 2 bones of forearm
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proximally with humerus and radius, distally with radius
and articular disk
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vertebrae (cervical, thoracic [dorsal], lumbar, sacral,
and coccygeal)
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vertebrae (vertebrae cervicales, vertebrae thoracicae,
vertebrae lumbales, vertebrae sacrales, vertebrae coccygeae)
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back
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separate segments of vertebral column; about 33 in the
child; uppermost 24 remain separate as true, movable vertebrae; the next 5
fuse to form the sacrum; the lowermost 3–5 fuse to form the
coccyx
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except first cervical (atlas) and fifth lumbar, each
vertebra articulates with adjoining vertebrae above and below; the first
cervical articulates with the occipital b. and second cervical vertebra
(axis); the fifth lumbar with the fourth lumbar vertebra and sacrum; the
thoracic vertebrae articulate also with the heads of the ribs
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vomer
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vomer
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skull
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thin bone forming posterior and posteroinferior part of
nasal septum
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with ethmoid and sphenoid b's and both maxillae and
palatine b's
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zygomatic b.
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o. zygomaticum
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skull
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bone forming hard part of check and lower, lateral
portion of rim of each orbit
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with frontal and sphenoid b's
and ipsilateral maxilla and temporal b.
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