4. Anatomy: Muscles

Muscles
Common Name*	TA Term^†	Origin*	Insertion*	Innervation	Action
abductor m. of great toe	m. abductor hallucis	medial tubercle of calcaneus, plantar fascia	medial site of base of proximal phalanx of great toe	medial plantar	abducts, flexes great toe
abductor m. of little finger	m. abductor digiti minimi manus	pisiform bone, tendon of ulnar flexor m. of wrist	medial side of base of proximal phalanx of little finger	ulnar	abducts little finger
abductor m. of little toe	m. abductor digiti minimi pedis	medial and lateral tubercle of calcaneus, plantar fascia	lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of little toe	lateral plantar	abducts little toe
abductor m. of thumb, long	m. abductor pollicis longus	posterior surfaces of radius and ulna	lateral side of bone of first metacarpal bone and trapezium	posterior interosseous	abducts, extends thumb
abductor m. of thumb, short	m. abductor pollicis brevis	tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium, flexor retinaculum of hand	lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb	median	abducts thumb
adductor m., great	m. adductor magnus	deep part—inferior ramus of pubis, ramus of ischium; superficial part—ischial tuberosity	deep part—linea aspera of femur; superficial part—adductor tubercle of femur	deep part—obturator; superficial part—sciatic	deep part—adducts thigh; superficial part—extends thigh
adductor m. of great toe	m. adductor hallucis	oblique head—long plantar ligament; transverse head—plantar ligaments	lateral side of proximal phalanx of great toe	lateral plantar	flexes, adducts great toe
adductor m., long	m. adductor longus	body of pubis	linea aspera of femur	obturator	adducts, rotates, flexes thigh
adductor m., short	m. adductor brevis	body and inferior ramus of pubis	upper part of linea aspera of femur	obturator	adducts, rotates, flexes thigh
adductor m., smallest	m. adductor minimus	a name given to the anterior portion of the great adductor m.	ischium, body, and ramus of pubis	obturator, sciatic	adducts thigh
adductor m. of thumb	m. adductor pollicis	oblique head—second metacarpal, capitate, and trapezoid; transverse head—front of third metacarpal	medial side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb	ulnar	adducts, opposes thumb
anconeus m.	m. anconeus	back of lateral epicondyle of humerus	olecranon and posterior surface of ulna	radial	extends forearm
antitragus m.	m. antitragicus	outer part of antitragus	caudate process of helix and anthelix	temporal, posterior auricular branches of facial
arrector m. of hair	m. arrector pili	dermis	hair follicle	sympathetic	elevate hairs of skin
articular m. of elbow	m. articularis cubiti	a name applied to a few fibers of the deep surface of the triceps m. of arm that insert into the posterior ligament and synovial membrane of the elbow joint
articular m. of knee	m. articularis genus	front of lower part of femur	upper part of capsule of knee joint	femoral	raises capsule of knee joint
aryepiglottic m.	pars aryepiglottica musculi arytenoidei obliqui	a name applied to inconstant fibers of oblique arytenoid m., from apex of arytenoid cartilage to lateral margin of epiglottis
arytenoid m., oblique	m. arytenoideus obliquus	muscular process of arytenoid cartilage	apex of opposite arytenoid cartilage	recurrent laryngeal	closes inlet of larynx
arytenoid m., transverse	m. arytenoideus transversus	medial surface of arytenoid cartilage	medial surface of opposite arytenoid cartilage	recurrent laryngeal	approximates arytenoid cartilage
auricular m., anterior	m. auricularis anterior	superficial temporal fascia	cartilage of ear	facial	draws auricle forward
auricular m., oblique	m. obliquus auriculae	cranial surface of concha	cranial surface of auricle above concha	posterior auricular, temporal
auricular m., posterior	m. auricularis posterior	mastoid process	cartilage of ear	facial	draws auricle backward
auricular m., superior	m. auricularis superior	galea aponeurotica	cartilage of ear	facial	raises auricle
biceps m. of arm	m. biceps brachii	long head—supraglenoid tubercle of scapula; short head—apex of coracoid process	tuberosity of radius, antebrachial fascia, ulna	musculocutaneous	flexes, supinates forearm
biceps m. of thigh	m. biceps femoris	long head—ischial tuberosity; short head—linea aspera of femur	head of fibula, lateral condyle of tibia	long head—tibial; short head—peroneal, popliteal	flexor, rotates leg laterally, extends thigh
brachial m.	m. brachialis	anterior aspect of humerus	coronoid process of ulna	musculocutaneous, radial	flexes forearm
brachioradial m.	m. brachioradialis	lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus	lateral surface of lower end of radius	radial	flexes forearm
bronchoesophageal m.	m. bronchooesophageus	a name applied to muscle fibers arising from wall of left bronchus, reinforcing musculature of esophagus
buccinator m.	m. buccinator	buccinator ridge of mandible, alveolar processes of maxilla, pterygomandibular ligament	orbicular m. of mouth at angle of mouth	buccal branch of facial	compresses cheek and retracts angle of mouth
bulbocavernous m.	m. bulbocavernosus, m. bulbospongiosus	tendinous center of perineum, median, raphe of bulb	fascia of penis or clitoris	pudendal	constricts urethra in male, vagina in female
canine m. See levator m. of angle of mouth
ceratocricoid m.	m. ceratocricoideus	a name applied to muscle fibers from cricoid cartilage to inferior horn of thyroid cartilage
chin m.	m. mentalis	incisive fossa of mandible	skin of chin	facial	wrinkles skin of chin
chondroglossus m.	m. chondroglossus	lesser horn and body of hyoid bone	substance of tongue	hypoglossal	depresses, retracts tongue
ciliary m.	m. ciliaris	longitudinal division (Brücke's m's)—junction of cornea and sclera; circular division (Müller's m.)—sphincter of ciliary body	outer layer of choroid and ciliary processes	short ciliary	makes lens more convex in visual accommodation
coccygeus m.	m. coccygeus	ischial spine	lateral border of lower part of sacrum, coccyx	third and fourth sacral	supports and raises coccyx
constrictor m. of pharynx, inferior	m. constrictor pharyngis inferior	undersurfaces of cricoid and thyroid cartilages	median raphe of posterior wall of pharynx	glossopharyngeal, pharyngeal plexus, external branch of superior laryngeal and recurrent laryngeal	constricts pharynx
constrictor m. of pharynx, middle	m. constrictor pharyngis medius	horns of hyoid bone, stylohyoid ligament	median raphe of posterior wall of pharynx	pharyngeal plexus of vagus, glossopharyngeal	constricts pharynx
constrictor m. of pharynx, superior	m. constrictor pharyngis superior	pterygoid plate, pterygomandibular raphe, mylohyoid ridge of mandible, mucous membrane of floor of mouth	median raphe of posterior wall of pharynx	pharyngeal plexus of vagus	constricts pharynx
coracobrachial m.	m. coracobrachialis	coracoid process of scapula	medial surface of shaft of humerus	musculocutaneous	flexes, adducts arm
corrugator m., superciliary	m. corrugator supercilii	medial end of superciliary arch	skin of eyebrow	facial	draws eyebrow downward and medially
cremaster m.	m. cremaster	inferior margin of internal oblique m. of abdomen	pubic tubercle	genital branch of genitofemoral	elevates testis
cricoarytenoid m., lateral	m. cricoarytenoideus lateralis	lateral surface of cricoid cartilage	muscular process of arytenoid cartilage	recurrent laryngeal	approximates vocal folds
cricoarytenoid m., posterior	m. cricoarytenoideus posterior	back of lamina of cricoid cartilage	muscular process of arytenoid cartilage	recurrent laryngeal	separates vocal folds
cricothyroid m.	m. cricothyroideus	front and side of cricoid cartilage	lamina and inferior horn of thyroid cartilage	external branch of superior laryngeal	tenses vocal folds
deltoid m.	m. deltoideus	clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula	deltoid tuberosity of humerus	axillary	abducts, flexes, or extends arm
depressor m. of angle of mouth	m. depressor anguli oris	lateral border of mandible	angle of mouth	facial	pulls down angle of mouth
depressor m. of lower lip	m. depressor labii inferioris	anterior surface of lower border of mandible	orbicular m. of mouth and skin of lower lip	facial	depresses lower lip
depressor m. of septum of nose	m. depressor septi nasi	incisive fossa of maxilla	ala and septum of nose	facial	constricts nostril and depresses ala
depressor m., superciliary	m. depressor supercilii	a name applied to a few fibers of orbital part of orbicular m. of eye that are inserted into the eyebrow, which they depress
detrusor m. of bladder	m. detrusor vesicae	bundles of smooth muscle fibers forming the muscular coat of the urinary bladder, which are arranged in a longitudinal and a circular layer and on contraction serve to expel urine
detrusor urinae. See detrusor m. of bladder
diaphragm	diaphragma	back of xiphoid process, inner surfaces of lower 6 costal cartilages and lower 4 ribs, medial and lateral arcuate ligaments, bodies of upper lumbar vertebrae	central tendon of diaphragm	phrenic	increases volume of thorax in inspiration
digastric m.	m. digastricus	anterior belly—digastric fossa on lower border of mandible near symphysis; posterior belly—mastoid notch of temporal bone	intermediate tendon on hyoid bone	anterior belly—mylohyoid branch of inferior alveolar; posterior belly—digastric branch of facial	elevates hyoid bone, lowers jaw
dilator m. of pupil	m. dilatator pupillae	a name applied to fibers extending radially from sphincter of pupil to ciliary margin		sympathetic	dilates iris
epicranial m.	m. epicranius	a name applied to muscular covering of scalp, including occipitofrontal and temporoparietal m's and galea aponeurotica
erector m. of spine	m. erector spinae	a name applied to fibers of the more superficial of deep muscles of back, originating from sacrum, spines of lumbar and eleventh and twelfth thoracic vertebrae, and iliac crest, which split and insert as iliocostal, longissimus, and spinal m's
extensor m. of fingers	m. extensor digitorum	lateral epicondyle of humerus	extensor expansion of 4 medial fingers	posterior interosseous	extends wrist joint and phalanges
extensor m. of great toe, long	m. extensor hallucis longus	front of fibula, interosseous membrane	base of distal phalanx of great toe	deep peroneal	extends great toe, dorsiflexes ankle joint
extensor m. of great toe, short	m. extensor hallucis brevis	a name applied to portion of short extensor m. of toes that goes to great toe
extensor m. of index finger	m. extensor indicis	posterior surface of ulna, interosseous membrane	extensor expansion of index finger	posterior interosseous	extends index finger
extensor m. of little finger	m. extensor digiti minimi	lateral epicondyle of humerus	extensor aponeurosis of little finger	deep branch of radial	extends little finger
extensor m. of thumb, long	m. extensor pollicis longus	posterior surface of ulna and interosseous membrane	back of distal phalanx of thumb	posterior interosseous	extends, adducts thumb
extensor m. of thumb, short	m. extensor pollicis brevis	posterior surface of radius	back of proximal phalanx of thumb	posterior interosseous	extends thumb
extensor m. of toes, long	m. extensor digitorum longus	anterior surface of fibula, lateral condyle of tibia, interosseous membrane	extensor expansion of 4 lateral toes	deep peroneal	extends toes
extensor m. of toes, short	m. extensor digitorum brevis	upper surface of calcaneus	extensor tendons of first, second, third, fourth toes	deep peroneal	extends toes
extensor m. of wrist, radial, long	m. extensor carpi radialis longus	lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus	back of base of second metacarpal bone	radial	extends, abducts wrist joint
extensor m. of wrist, radial short	m. extensor carpi radialis brevis	lateral epicondyle of humerus	back of bases of second and third metacarpal bones	radial or its deep branch	extends, abducts wrist joint
extensor m. of wrist, ulnar	m. extensor carpi ulnaris	humeral head—lateral epicondyle of humerus; ulnar head—posterior border of ulna	base of fifth metacarpal bone	deep branch of radial	extends, abducts wrist joint
fibular m. See peroneal m.
flexor m. of fingers, deep	m. flexor digitorum profundus	shaft of ulna, coronoid process, interosseous membrane	bases of distal phalanges of 4 medial fingers	anterior interosseous, ulnar	flexes distal phalanges
flexor m. of fingers, superficial	m. flexor digitorum superficialis	humeroulnar head—medial epicondyle of humerus, coronoid process of ulna; radial head—anterior border of radius	sides of middle phalanges of 4 medial fingers	median	flexes middle phalanges
flexor m. of great toe, long	m. flexor hallucis longus	posterior surface of fibula	base of distal phalanx of great toe	tibial	flexes great toe
flexor m. of great toe, short	m. flexor hallucis brevis	undersurface of cuboid, lateral cuneiform	both sides of base of proximal phalanx of great toe	medial plantar	flexes great toe
flexor m. of little finger, short	m. flexor digiti minimi brevis manus	hook of hamate bone, transverse carpal ligament	medial side of proximal phalanx of little finger	ulnar	flexes little finger
flexor m. of little toe, short	m. flexor digiti minimi brevis pedis	sheath of long peroneal muscle	lateral surface of base of proximal phalanx of little toe	lateral plantar	flexes little toe
flexor m. of thumb, long	m. flexor pollicis longus	anterior surface of radius, medial epicondyle of humerus, coronoid process of ulna	base of distal phalanx of thumb	anterior interosseous	flexes thumb
flexor m. of thumb, short	m. flexor pollicis brevis	tubercle of trapezium, flexor retinaculum	lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb	median, ulnar	flexes, adducts thumb
flexor m. of toes, long	m. flexor digitorum longus pedis	posterior surface of shaft of tibia	distal phalanges of 4 lateral toes	tibial	flexes toes, extends foot
flexor m. of toes, short	m. flexor digitorum brevis pedis	medial tuberosity of calcaneus, plantar fascia	middle phalanges of 4 lateral toes	medial plantar	flexes toes
flexor m. of wrist, radial	m. flexor carpi radialis	medial epicondyle of humerus	bases of second and third metacarpal bones	median	flexes, abducts wrist joint
flexor m. of wrist, ulnar	m. flexor carpi ulnaris	humeral head—medial epicondyle of humerus; ulnar head—olecranon and posterior border of ulna	pisiform bone, hook of hamate bone, base of fifth metacarpal bone	ulnar	flexes, adducts wrist joint
gastrocnemius m.	m. gastrocnemius	medial head—popliteal surface of femur, upper part of medial condyle, capsule of knee; lateral head—lateral condyle, capsule of knee	aponeurosis unites with tendon of soleus to form Achilles tendon	tibial	plantar flexes foot, flexes knee joint
gemellus m., inferior	m. gemellus inferior	tuberosity of ischium	internal obturator tendon	nerve to quadrate m. of thigh	rotates thigh laterally
gemellus m., superior	m. gemellus superior	spine of ischium	internal obturator tendon	nerve to internal obturator	rotates thigh laterally
genioglossus m.	m. genioglossus	superior genial tubercle	hyoid bone, undersurface of tongue	hypoglossal	protrudes, depresses tongue
geniohyoid m.	m. geniohyoideus	inferior genial tubercle	body of hyoid bone	a branch of first cervical nerve through hypoglossal	draws hyoid bone forward
glossopalatine m. See palatoglossus m.
gluteus maximus m. (gluteal m., greatest)	m. gluteus maximus	dorsal aspect of ilium, dorsal surfaces of sacrum, coccyx, sacrotuberous ligament	iliotibial tract of fascia lata, gluteal tuberosity of femur	inferior gluteal	extends, abducts, rotates thigh laterally
gluteus medius m. (gluteal m., middle)	m. gluteus medius	dorsal aspect of ilium between anterior and posterior gluteal lines	greater trochanter of femur	superior gluteal	abducts, rotates thigh medially
gluteus minimus m. (gluteal m., least)	m. gluteus minimus	dorsal aspect of ilium between anterior and posterior gluteal lines	greater trochanter of femur	superior gluteal	abducts, rotates thigh medially
gracilis m.	m. gracilis	body and inferior ramus of pubis	medial surface of shaft of tibia	obturator	adducts thigh, flexes knee joint
m. of helix, greater	m. helicis major	spine of helix	anterior border of helix	auriculotemporal, posterior auricular	tenses skin of acoustic meatus
m. of helix, smaller	m. helicis minor	anterior rim of helix	concha	temporal, posterior auricular
hyoglossus m.	m. hyoglossus	body and greater horn of hyoid bone	side of tongue	hypoglossal	depresses, retracts tongue
iliac m.	m. iliacus	iliac fossa, ala of sacrum	greater psoas tendon, lesser trochanter of femur	femoral	flexes thigh, trunk on limb
iliococcygeus m.	m. iliococcygeus	a name applied to posterior portion of levator ani m., including fibers originating as far forward as obturator canal, and inserting on side of coccyx and in anococcygeal ligaments
iliocostal m.	m. iliocostalis	a name applied to lateral division of erector m. of spine
iliocostal m. of loins	m. iliocostalis lumborum	iliac crest	angles of lower 6 or 7 ribs	thoracic and lumbar	extends lumbar spine
iliocostal m. of neck	m. iliocostalis cervicis	angles of third, fourth, fifth, and sixth ribs	transverse processes of lower fourth, fifth, and sixth cervical vertebrae	cervical	extends cervical spine
iliocostal m. of thorax	m. iliocostalis thoracis	upper borders of angles of 6 lower ribs	angles of upper ribs and transverse process of seventh cervical vertebra	thoracic	keeps thoracic spine erect
iliopsoas m.	m. iliopsoas	a name applied collectively to iliac and greater psoas m's
incisive m's of inferior lip	musculi incisivi labii inferioris	incisive fossae of mandible	angle of mouth	facial	make vestibule of mouth shallow
incisive m's of superior lip	musculi incisivi labii superioris	incisive fossae of maxilla	angle of mouth	facial	make vestibule of mouth shallow
infraspinous m.	m. infraspinatus	infraspinous fossa of scapula	greater tubercle of humerus	suprascapular	rotates arm laterally
intercostal m's, external	mm. intercostales externi	inferior border of rib	superior border of rib below	intercostal	elevate ribs in inspiration
intercostal m's, innermost	mm. intercostales intimi	a name applied to the layer of muscle fibers separated from the internal intercostal m's by the intercostal nerves and vessels
intercostal m's, internal	mm. intercostales interni	inferior border of rib and costal cartilage	superior border of rib and costal cartilage below	intercostal	act on ribs in expiration
interosseous m's of foot, dorsal	mm. interossei dorsales pedis	sides of adjacent metatarsal bones	base of proximal phalanges of second, third, and fourth toes	lateral plantar	flex, abduct toes
interosseous m's of hand, dorsal	mm. interossei dorsales manus	each by two heads from adjacent sides of metacarpal bones	extensor tendons of second, third, and fourth fingers	ulnar	abduct, flex proximal, extend middle and distal phalanges
interosseous m's, palmar	mm. interossei palmares	sides of first, second, fourth, and fifth metacarpal bones	extensor tendons of first, second, fourth, and fifth fingers	ulnar	adduct, flex proximal, extend middle and distal phalanges
interosseous m's, plantar	mm. interossei plantares	medial side of third, fourth, and fifth metatarsal bones	medial side of base of proximal phalanges of third, fourth, and fifth toes	lateral plantar	flex, abduct toes
interspinal m's	mm. interspinales	a name applied to short bands of muscle fibers extending on each side between spinous processes of contiguous vertebrae		spinal	extend vertebral column
interspinal m's of loins	mm. interspinales lumborum	extend between contiguous lumbar vertebrae		spinal	extend vertebral column
interspinal m's of head	mm. interspinales cervicis	extend between contiguous cervical vertebrae		spinal	extend vertebral column
interspinal m's of thorax	mm. interspinales thoracis	extend between contiguous thoracic vertebrae		spinal	extend vertebral column
intertransverse m's	mm. intertransversarii	a name applied to small muscles passing between transverse processes of adjacent vertebrae		spinal	bend vertebral column laterally
ischiocavernous m.	m. ischiocavernosus	ramus of ischium	crus of penis or clitoris	perineal branches of pudendal	maintains erection of penis or clitoris
latissimus dorsi m.	m. latissimus dorsi	spines of lower thoracic vertebrae, spines of lumbar and sacral vertebrae through attachment to thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, lower ribs, inferior angle of scapula	floor or intertubercular groove of humerus	thoracodorsal	adducts, extends, rotates humerus medially
levator m. of angle of mouth	m. levator anguli oris	canine fossa of maxilla	orbicular m. of mouth, skin at angle of mouth	facial	raises angle of mouth
levator ani m.	m. levator ani	a name applied collectively to important muscular components of pelvic diaphragm, arising mainly from back of body of pubis and running backward toward coccyx; includes pubococcygeus (levator m. of prostate in male and pubovaginal in female), puborectal, and iliococcygeus m's		third and fourth sacral	helps support pelvic viscera and resist increases in intraabdominal pressure
levator m. of palatine velum	m. levator veli palatini	apex of pars petrosa of temporal bone and cartilage of auditory tube	aponeurosis of soft palate	pharyngeal plexus	raises and draws back soft palate
levator m. of prostate	m. levator prostatae	a name applied to part of anterior portion of pubococcygeus m., which in male is inserted into prostate and tendinous center of perineum		sacral, pudendal	supports, compresses prostate, helps control micturition
levator m's of ribs	mm. levatores costarum	transverse processes of seventh cervical and first 11 thoracic vertebrae	medial to angle of rib below	intercostal	aid elevation of ribs in respiration
levator m. of scapula	m. levator scapulae	transverse processes of 4 upper cervical vertebrae	vertebral border of scapula	third and fourth cervical	raises scapula
levator m. of thyroid gland	m. levator glandulae thyroideae	isthmus or pyramidal lobule of thyroid gland	body of hyoid bone	external branch of superior laryngeal
levator m. of upper eyelid	m. levator palpebrae superioris	sphenoid bone above optic foramen	skin and tarsal plate of upper eyelid	oculomotor	raises upper eyelid
levator m. of upper lip	m. levator labii superioris	lower margin of orbit	musculature of upper lip	facial	raises upper lip
levator m. of upper lip and ala of nose	m. levator labii superioris alaeque nasi	frontal process of maxilla	skin and cartilage of ala of nose, upper lip	infraorbital branch of facial	raises upper lip, dilates nostril
long m. of head	m. longus capitis	transverse processes of third to sixth cervical vertebrae	basilar portion of occipital bone	cervical	flexes head
long m. of neck	m. longus cervicis	superior oblique portion—transverse processes of third to fifth cervical vertebrae; inferior oblique portion—bodies of first to third thoracic vertebrae; vertical portion—bodies of 3 upper thoracic and 3 lower cervical vertebrae	superior oblique portion—tubercle of anterior arch of atlas; inferior oblique portion—transverse processes of fifth and sixth cervical vertebrae; vertical portion—bodies of second to fourth cervical vertebrae	anterior cervical	flexes, supports cervical vertebrae
longissimus m. of head	m. longissimus capitis	transverse processes of 4 or 5 upper thoracic vertebrae, articular processes of 3 or 4 lower cervical vertebrae	mastoid process of temporal bone	cervical	draws head backward, rotates head
longissimus m. of neck	m. longissimus cervicis	transverse processes of 4 or 5 upper thoracic vertebrae	transverse processes of second or third to sixth cervical vertebrae	lower cervical and upper thoracic	extends cervical vertebrae
longissimus m. of thorax	m. longissimus thoracis	transverse and articular processes of lumbar vertebrae and thoracolumbar fascia	transverse processes of all thoracic vertebrae, 9 or 10 lower ribs	lumbar and thoracic	extends thoracic vertebrae
longitudinal m. of tongue, inferior	m. longitudinalis inferior linguae	undersurface of tongue at base	tip of tongue	hypoglossal	changes shape of tongue in mastication and deglutition
longitudinal m. of tongue, superior	m. longitudinalis superior linguae	submucosa and septum of tongue	margins of tongue	hypoglossal	changes shape of tongue in mastication and deglutition
lumbrical m's of foot	mm. lumbricales pedis	tendons of long flexor m's of toes	medial side of base of proximal phalanges of 4 lateral toes	medial and lateral plantar	flex metatarsophalangeal joints, extend distal phalanges
lumbrical m's of hand	mm. lumbricales manus	tendons of deep flexor m's of fingers	extensor tendons of 4 lateral fingers	median, ulnar	flex metacarpophalangeal joints, extend middle and distal phalanges
masseter m.	m. masseter	superficial part—zygomatic process of maxilla, lower border of zygomatic arch; deep part—lower border and medial surface of zygomatic arch	superficial part—angle and ramus of mandible; deep part—upper half of ramus and lateral surface of coronoid process of mandible	masseteric, from mandibular division of trigeminal	raises mandible, closes jaws
multifidus m's	mm. multifidi	sacrum, sacroiliac ligament, mammillary processes of lumbar, transverse processes of thoracic, and articular processes of cervical vertebrae	spines of contiguous vertebrae above	spinal	extend, rotate vertebral column
mylohyoid m.	m. mylohyoideus	mylohyoid line of mandible	body of hyoid bone, median raphe	mylohyoid branch of inferior alveolar	elevates hyoid bone, supports floor of mouth
nasal m.	m. nasalis	maxilla	alar part—ala of nose; transverse part—by aponeurotic expansion with fellow of opposite side	facial	alar part—aids in widening nostril; transverse part—depresses cartilage of nose
oblique m. of abdomen, external	m. obliquus externus abdominis	lower 8 ribs at costal cartilages	crest of ilium, linea alba through rectus sheath	lower thoracic	flexes, rotates vertebral column, increases intra-abdominal pressure, accessory respiratory muscle
oblique m. of abdomen, internal	m. obliquus internus abdominis	thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, iliac fascia, inguinal fascia	lower 3 or 4 costal cartilages, linea alba, conjoined tendon to pubis	lower thoracic	flexes, rotates vertebral column, increases intra-abdominal pressure, accessory respiratory muscle
oblique m. of eyeball, inferior	m. obliquus inferior bulbi	orbital surface of maxilla	sclera	oculomotor	abducts, rotates eyeball upward and outward
oblique m. of eyeball, superior	m. obliquus superior bulbi	lesser wing of sphenoid above optic foramen	sclera	trochlear	abducts, rotates eyeball downward and outward
oblique m. of head, inferior	m. obliquus capitis inferior	spinous process of axis	transverse process of atlas	spinal	rotates atlas and head
oblique m. of head, superior	m. obliquus capitis superior	transverse process of atlas	occipital bone	spinal	extends and moves head laterally
obturator m., external	m. obturatorius externus	pubis, ischium, external surface of obturator membrane	trochanteric fossa of femur	obturator	rotates thigh laterally
obturator m., internal	m. obturatorius internus	pelvic surface of hip bone and obturator membrane, margin of obturator foramen	greater trochanter of femur	fifth lumbar, first and second sacral	rotates thigh laterally
occipitofrontal m.	m. occipitofrontalis	frontal belly—galea aponeurotica; occipital belly—highest nuchal line of occipital bone	frontal belly—skin of nose; occipital belly—galea aponeurotica	frontal belly—temporal branch of facial; occipital belly—posterior auricular branch of facial	frontal belly—raises eyebrow; occipital belly—draws scalp backward
omohyoid m.	m. omohyoideus	superior border of scapula	body of hyoid bone	upper cervical through ansa cervicalis	depresses hyoid bone
opposing m. of little finger	m. opponens digit minimi manus	hook of hamate bone	front of fifth metacarpal	eight cervical through ulnar	abducts, flexes, rotates fifth metacarpal
opposing m. of thumb	m. opponens pollicis	tubercle of trapezium, flexor retinaculum	lateral side of first metacarpal	sixth and seventh metacarpal through median	flexes, opposes thumb
orbicular m. of eye	m. orbicularis oculi	orbital part—medial margin of orbit, including frontal process of maxilla; palpebral part—medial palpebral ligament; lacrimal part—posterior lacrimal crest	orbital part—near origin after encircling orbit; palpebral part— orbital tubercle of zygomatic bone; lacrimal part—lateral palpebral raphe	facial	closes eyelids, wrinkles forehead, compresses lacrimal sac
orbicular m. of mouth	m. orbicularis oris	a name applied to complicated sphincter muscle of mouth, comprising 2 parts: labial part—consisting of fibers restricted to lip; marginal part—consisting of fibers blending with those of adjacent muscles		facial	closes, protrudes lips
orbital m.	m. orbitalis	bridges inferior orbital fissure	fascia of inferior orbital fissure	sympathetic fibers	protrudes eye
palatoglossus m.	m. palatoglossus	undersurface of soft palate	side of tongue	pharyngeal plexus	elevates tongue, constricts fauces
palatopharyngeal m.	m. palatopharyngeus	posterior border of bony palate, palatine, aponeurosis	posterior border of thyroid cartilage, side of pharynx and esophagus	pharyngeal plexus	constricts pharynx, aids swallowing
palmar m., long	m. palmaris longus	medial epicondyle of humerus	flexor retinaculum, palmar aponeurosis	median	tenses palmar aponeurosis
palmar m., short	m. palmaris brevis	palmar aponeurosis	skin and medial border of hand	ulnar	assists in deepening hollow of palm
papillary m's	mm. papillares cordis	a name applied to conical muscular projections from walls of cardiac ventricles, attached to cusps of atrioventricular valves by chordae tendineae			steady and strengthen atrioventricular valves and prevent eversion of their cusps
pectinate m's	mm. pectinati atrii	a name applied to small ridges of muscular fibers projecting from inner walls of auricles of heart, and extending in right atrium from auricle to crystal terminalis
pectineal m.	m. pectineus	pectineal line of pubis	pectineal line of femur	femoral, obturator	flexes, adducts thigh
pectoral m., greater	m. pectoralis major	clavicle, sternum, 6 upper costal cartilages, aponeurosis of external oblique m. of abdomen	crest of greater tubercle of humerus	lateral and medial pectoral	adducts, flexes, rotates arm medially
pectoral m., smaller	m. pectoralis minor	second, third, fourth, and fifth ribs	coracoid process of scapula	medial and lateral pectoral	draws shoulder forward and downward, raises third, fourth, and fifth ribs in forced inspiration
peroneal m., long	m. peroneus longus	lateral condyle of tibia, head of fibula, lateral surface of fibula	medial cuneiform, first metatarsal	superficial peroneal	plantar flexes, everts, abducts foot
peroneal m., short	m. peroneus brevis	lateral surface of fibula	tuberosity of fifth metatarsal	superficial peroneal	everts, abducts, plantar flexes foot
peroneal m., third	m. peroneus tertius	anterior surface of fibula, interosseous membrane	fascia or base of fifth (or fourth) metatarsal	deep peroneal	everts, dorsiflexes foot
piriform m.	m. piriformis	ilium, second to fourth sacral vertebrae	greater trochanter of femur	first and second sacral	rotates thigh laterally
plantar m.	m. plantaris	popliteal surface of femur	Achilles tendon or back of calcaneus	tibial	plantar flexes foot, flexes leg
platysma	platysma	a name applied to platelike muscle of originating from the fascia of cervical region and inserting on mandible and skin around mouth		cervical branch of facial	wrinkles skin of neck, depresses jaw
pleuroesophageal m.	m. pleuroesophageus	a name applied to a bundle of smooth muscle fibers, usually connecting esophagus with left members, usually connecting esophagus with left mediastinal pleura
popliteal m.	m. popliteus	lateral condyle of femur, lateral meniscus	posterior surface of tibia	tibial	flexes leg, rotates leg medially
procerus m.	m. procerus	fascia over nasal bones	skin of forehead	facial	draws medial angle of eyebrows down
pronator m., quadrate	m. pronator quadratus	anterior surface and border of distal third or fourth of shaft of ulna	anterior surface and border of distal fourth of shaft of radius	anterior interosseous	pronates forearm
pronator m., round	m. pronator teres	humeral head—medial epicondyle of humerus; ulnar head—coronoid process of ulna	lateral surface of radius	median	pronates and flexes forearm
psoas m., greater	m. psoas major	lumbar vertebrae	lesser trochanter of femur	second and third lumbar	flexes thigh or trunk
psoas m., smaller	m. psoas minor	last thoracic and first lumbar vertebrae	arcuate line of hip bone	first lumbar	assists greater psoas m.
pterygoid m., lateral (external)	m. pterygoideus lateralis	upper head—infratemporal surface of greater wing of sphenoid, infratemporal crest; lower head—lateral surface of lateral pterygoid plate	neck of mandible, capsule of temporomandibular joint	mandibular	protrudes mandible, opens jaws, moves mandible from side to side
pterygoid m., medial (internal)	m. pterygoideus medialis	medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate, tuber of maxilla	medial surface of ramus and angle of mandible	mandibular	closes jaws
puboanal m.	m. puboanalis	a name applied to fibers from the medial portion of the pubococcygeal m., which decussate and blend with the longitudinal muscle layer and fascia of the rectum
pubococcygeus m.	m. pubococcygeus	a name applied to anterior portion of levator ani m., originating in front of obturator canal and inserting in anococcygeal ligament and side of coccyx		pudendal	helps support pelvic viscera and resist increases in intra-abdominal pressure
puboperineal m.	m. puboperinealis	a name applied to fibers from the medial portion of the pubococcygeus m. that insert into the perineal body
puboprostatic m.	m. puboprostaticus	a name applied to smooth muscle fibers contained within medial puboprostatic ligament, which pass from prostate anteriorly to pubis
puborectal m.	m. puborectalis	a name applied to portion of levator ani m., with a more lateral origin from pubic bone, and continuous posteriorly with corresponding muscle of opposite side		third and fourth sacral	helps support pelvic viscera and resist increases in intra-abdominal pressure, maintains perineal flexure at anorectal junction
pubovaginal m.	m. pubovaginalis	a name applied to part of anterior portion of pubococcygeus m., which is inserted into urethra and vagina		sacral and pudendal	helps control micturition
pubovesical m.	m. pubovesicalis	a name applied to smooth muscle fibers extending from neck of urinary bladder to pubis
pyloric sphincter m.	m. sphincter pyloricus	a thickening of the circular muscle of the stomach around its opening into the duodenum
pyramidal m.	m. pyramidalis	body of pubis	linea alba	last thoracic	tenses abdominal wall
pyramidal m. of auricle	m. pyramidalis auriculae	a name applied to inconstant prolongation of fibers of m. of tragus to spine of helix
quadrate m. of loins	m. quadratus lumborum	iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia	twelfth rib transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae	first and second lumbar, twelfth thoracic	flexes trunk laterally
quadrate m. of lower lip. See depressor m. of lower lip
quadrate m. of sole	m. quadratus plantae	calcaneus, plantar fascia	tendons of long flexor m. of toes	lateral plantar	aids in flexing toes
quadrate m. of thigh	m. quadratus femoris	tuberosity of ischium	intertrochanteric crest and quadrate tubercle of femur	fourth and fifth lumbar, first sacral	adducts, rotates thigh laterally
quadrate m. of upper lip. See levator m. of upper lip
quadriceps m. of thigh	m. quadriceps femoris	a name applied collectively to rectus m. of thigh and intermediate, lateral, and medial vastus m's, inserting by a common tendon that surrounds patella and ends on tuberosity of tibia		femoral	extends leg upon thigh
rectococcygeus m.	m. rectococcygeus	a name applied to smooth muscle fibers originating on anterior surface of second and third coccygeal vertebrae and inserting on posterior surface of rectum		autonomic	retracts, elevates rectum
recto-urethral m.	m. rectourethralis	a name applied to band of smooth muscle fibers in male, extending from perineal flexure of rectum to membranous part of urethra
recto-uterine m.	m. rectouterinus	a name applied to band of fibers in female, running between cervix uteri and rectum, in rectouterine fold
rectovesical m.	m. rectovesicalis	a name applied to band of fibers in male, connecting longitudinal musculature of rectum with external muscular cost of bladder
rectus m. of abdomen	m. rectus abdominis	pubic crest and symphysis	xiphoid process, fifth, sixth, and seventh costal cartilages	lower thoracic	flexes lumbar vertebrae, supports abdomen
rectus m. of eyeball, inferior	m. rectus inferior bulbi	common tendinous ring	underside of sclera	oculomotor	adducts, rotates eyeball downward and medially
rectus m. of eyeball, lateral	m. rectus lateralis bulbi	common tendinous ring	lateral side of sclera	abducens	abducts eyeball
rectus m. eyeball, medial	m. rectus medialis bulbi	common tendinous ring	medial side of sclera	oculomotor	adducts eyeball
rectus m. of eyeball, superior	m. rectus superior bulbi	common tendinous ring	upper side of sclera	oculomotor	adducts, rotates eyeball upward and medially
rectus m. of head, anterior	m. rectus capitis anterior	lateral mass of atlas	basilar part of occipital bone	first and second cervical	flexes, supports head
rectus m. of head, lateral	m. rectus capitis lateralis	transverse process of atlas	jugular process of occipital bone	first and second cervical	flexes, supports head
rectus m. of head, posterior, greater	m. rectus capitis posterior major	spinous process of axis	occipital bone	suboccipital, greater occipital	extends head
rectus m. of head, posterior, smaller	m. rectus capitis posterior minor	posterior tubercle of atlas	occipital bone	suboccipital, greater occipital	extends head
rectus m. of thigh	m. rectus femoris	anterior inferior iliac spine, rim of acetabulum	base of patella, tuberosity of tibia	femoral	extends leg, flexes thigh
rhomboid m., greater	m. rhomboideus major	spinous processes of second, third, fourth, and fifth thoracic vertebrae	vertebral margin of scapula	dorsal scapular	retracts and fixes scapula
rhomboid m., smaller	m. rhomboideus minor	spinous processes of seventh cervical and first thoracic vertebrae, lower part of nuchal ligament	vertebral margin of scapula at root of spine	dorsal scapular	retracts and fixes scapula
risorius m.	m. risorius	fascia over masseter	skin at angle of mouth	buccal branch of facial	draws angle of mouth laterally
rotator m's	mm. rotatores	a name applied to a series of small muscles deep in groove between spinous and transverse processes of vertebrae		spinal	extend and rotate vertebral column toward opposite side
sacrococcygeal m., dorsal (posterior)		a name applied to muscular slip passing from dorsal surface of sacrum to coccyx
sacrococcygeal m., ventral (anterior)		a name applied to musculotendinous slip passing from lower sacral vertebrae to coccyx
sacrospinal m. See erector m. of spine
salpingopharyngeal m.	m. salpingopharyngeus	cartilage of auditory tube	posterior part of palatopharyngeus	pharyngeal plexus	raises pharynx
sartorius m.	m. sartorius	anterior superior iliac spine	upper part of medial surface of tibia	femoral	flexes thigh and leg
scalene m., anterior	m. scalenus anterior	transverse processes of third to sixth cervical vertebrae	scalene tubercle of first rib	second to seventh cervical	raises first rib, flexes cervical vertebrae laterally
scalene m., middle	m. scalenus medius	transverse processes of first to seventh cervical vertebrae	upper surface of first rib	second to seventh cervical	raises first rib, flexes cervical vertebrae laterally
scalene m. of pleura. See scalene m., smallest
scalene m., posterior	m. scalenus posterior	transverse processes of fourth to sixth cervical vertebrae	second rib	second to seventh cervical	raises first and second ribs, flexes cervical vertebrae laterally
scalene m., smallest	m. scalenus minimus	a name applied to muscular band occasionally found between anterior and middle scalene m's
semimembranous m.	m. semimembranosus	tuberosity of ischium	lateral condyle of femur, medial condyle and border of tibia	sciatic	flexes leg, extends thigh
semispinal m. of head	m. semispinalis capitis	transverse processes of upper thoracic and lower cervical vertebrae	occipital bone	suboccipital, greater occipital, branches of cervical	extends head
semispinal m. of neck	m. semispinalis cervicis	transverse processes of upper thoracic vertebrae	spinous process of second to fifth (or fourth) cervical vertebrae	branches of cervical	extends, rotates vertebral column
semispinal m. of thorax	m. semispinalis thoracis	transverse processes of lower thoracic vertebrae	spinous processes of lower cervical and upper thoracic vertebrae	spinal	extends, rotates vertebral column
semitendinous m.	m. semitendinosus	tuberosity of ischium	upper part of medial surface of tibia	sciatic	flexes and rotates leg medially, extends thigh
serratus m., anterior	m. serratus anterior	8 upper ribs	vertebral border of scapula	long thoracic	draws scapula forward, rotates scapula to raise shoulder in abduction of arm
serratus m., posterior, inferior	m. serratus posterior inferior	spines of lower thoracic and upper lumbar vertebrae	4 lower ribs	ninth to twelfth (or eleventh) thoracic	lowers ribs in expiration
serratus m., posterior, superior	m. serratus posterior superior	nuchal ligament, spinous processes of upper thoracic vertebrae	second, third, fourth and fifth ribs	upper 4 thoracic	raises ribs in inspiration
soleus m.	m. soleus	fibula, tendinous arch, tibia	calcaneus by Achilles tendon	tibial	plantar flexes foot
sphincter m. of anus, external	m. sphincter ani externus	tip of coccyx, anococcygeal ligament	tendinous center of perineum	inferior rectal perineal branch of fourth sacral	closes anus
sphincter m. of anus, internal	m. sphincter ani internus	a name applied to a thickening of circular layer of muscular tunic at caudal end of rectum
sphincter m. of bile duct	m. sphincter ductus biliaris	a name applied to annular sheath of muscle fibers investing bile duct within wall of duodenum
sphincter m. of hepatopancreatic ampulla	m. sphincter ampullae hepatopancreaticae	a name applied to annular band of muscle fibers investing hepatopancreatic ampulla
sphincter m. of pupil	m. sphincter pupillae	a name applied to circular fibers of iris		parasympathetic through ciliary	constricts pupil
sphincter m. of pylorus	m. sphincter pyloricus	a name applied to a thickening of circular muscle of stomach around its opening into duodenum pylorus
sphincter m. of urethra, external	m. sphincter urethrae externus	inferior ramus of pubis	median raphe behind and in front of urethra	perineal	compresses membranous urethra
sphincter m. of urethra, internal	m. sphincter urethrae internus	a name applied to circular layer of fibers surrounding internal urethral orifice		vesical	closes internal orifice of urethra
spinal m. of head	m. spinalis capitis	spinous processes of upper thoracic and lower cervical vertebrae	occipital bone	spinal	extends head
spinal m. of neck	m. spinalis cervicis	spinous processes of seventh cervical vertebra, nuchal ligament	spinous processes of axis	branches of cervical	extends vertebral column
spinal m. of thorax	m. spinalis thoracis	spinous processes of upper lumbar and lower thoracic vertebrae	spinous processes of upper thoracic vertebrae	branches of spinal	extends vertebral column
splenius m. of head	m. splenius capitis	lower half of nuchal ligament, spinous processes of seventh cervical and upper thoracic vertebrae	mastoid part of temporal bone, occipital bone	cervical	extends, rotates head and neck
splenius m. of neck	m. splenius cervicis	spinous processes of upper thoracic vertebrae	transverse processes of upper cervical vertebrae	cervical	extends, rotates head and neck
stapedius m.	m. stapedius	interior of pyramidal eminence of tympanic cavity	neck of stapes	facial	dampens movement of stapes
sternal m.	m. sternalis	a name applied to muscular band occasionally found parallel to sternum on sternocostal head of greater pectoral m.
sternocleidomastoid m.	m. sternocleidomastoideus	sternal head—manubrium; clavicular head—medial third of clavicle	mastoid process, superior nuchal line of occipital bone	accessory, cervical plexus	flexes vertebral column, rotates head to opposite side
sternocostal m. See transverse m. of thorax
sternohyoid m.	m. sternohyoideus	manubrium sterni and/or clavicle	body of hyoid bone	ansa cervicalis	depresses hyoid bone and larynx
sternothyroid m.	m. sternothyroideus	manubrium sterni	lamina of thyroid cartilage	ansa cervicalis	depresses thyroid cartilage
styloglossus m.	m. styloglossus	styloid process	margin of tongue	hypoglossal	raises, retracts tongue
stylohyoid m.	m. stylohyoideus	styloid process	body of hyoid bone	facial	draws hyoid bone and tongue upward and backward
stylopharyngeus m.	m. stylopharyngeus	styloid process	thyroid cartilage, side of pharynx	glossopharyngeal, pharyngeal plexus	raises, dilates pharynx
subclavius m.	m. subclavius	first rib and its cartilage	lower surface of clavicle	nerve to subclavius	depresses lateral end of clavicle
subcostal m's	mm. subcostales	lower border of ribs	upper border of second or third rib below	intercostal	raise ribs in inspiration
subscapular m.	m. subscapularis	subscapular fossa of scapula	lesser tubercle of humerus	subscapular	rotates arm medially
supinator m.	m. supinator	lateral epicondyle of humerus, ligaments of elbow	radius	deep branch of radial	supinates forearm
supraspinous m.	m. supraspinatus	supraspinous fossa of scapula	greater tubercle of humerus	suprascapular	abducts arm
suspensory m. of duodenum	m. suspensorius duodeni	a name applied to flat band of smooth muscle fibers originating from left crus of diaphragm and inserting continuous with muscular coat of duodenum at its junction with jejunum
tarsal m., inferior	m. tarsalis inferior	inferior rectus m. of eyeball	tarsal plate of lower eyelid	sympathetic	widens palpebral fissure
tarsal m., superior	m. tarsalis superior	levator m. of upper eyelid	tarsal plate of upper eyelid	sympathetic	widens palpebral fissure
temporal m.	m. temporalis	temporal fossa and fascia	coronoid process of mandible	mandibular	closes jaws
temporoparietal m.	m. temporoparietalis	temporal fascia above ear	galea aponeurotica	temporal branches of facial	tightens scalp
tensor m. of fascia lata	m. tensor fasciae latae	iliac crest	iliotibial tract of fascia lata	superior gluteal	flexes, rotates thigh medially
tensor m. of palatine velum	m. tensor veli palatini	scaphoid fossa and spine of sphenoid	aponeurosis of soft palate, wall of auditory tube	mandibular	tenses soft palate, opens auditory tube
tensor m. of tympanum	m. tensor tympani	cartilaginous portion of auditory tube	handle of malleus	mandibular	tenses tympanic membrane
teres major m.	m. teres major	inferior angle of scapula	crest of lesser tubercle of humerus	lower subscapular	adducts, extends, and rotates arm medially
teres minor m.	m. teres minor	lateral margin of scapula	greater tubercle of humerus	axillary	rotates arm laterally
m. of terminal notch	m. incisurae terminalis	a name applied to inconstant slips of fibers continuing forward from m. of tragus to bridge notch of cartilaginous part of meatus
thyroarytenoid m.	m. thyroarytenoideus	medial surface of lamina of thyroid cartilage	muscular process of arytenoid cartilage	recurrent laryngeal	relaxes, shortens vocal folds
thyroepiglottic m.	pars thyroepiglottica musculi thyroarytenoidei	lamina of thyroid cartilage	epiglottis	recurrent laryngeal	closes inlet to larynx
thyrohyoid m.	m. thyrohyoideus	lamina of thyroid cartilage	greater horn of hyoid bone	ansa cervicalis	raises and changes form of larynx
tibial m., anterior	m. tibialis anterior	lateral condyle and surface of tibia, interosseous membrane	medial cuneiform, base of first metatarsal	deep peroneal	dorsiflexes, inverts foot
tibial m., posterior	m. tibialis posterior	tibia, fibula, interosseous membrane	bases of second to fourth metatarsal bones and tarsal bones, except talus	tibial	plantar flexes, inverts foot
tracheal m.	m. trachealis	a name applied to transverse smooth muscle fibers filling gap at back of each cartilage of trachea		autonomic	lessens caliber of trachea
m. of tragus	m. tragicus	a name applied to short, flattened vertical band on lateral surface of tragus, innervated by auriculotemporal and posterior auricular nerves
transverse m. of abdomen	m. transversus abdominis	lower 6 costal cartilages, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest	linea alba through rectus sheath, conjoined tendon to pubis	lower thoracic	increases intra-abdominal pressure; accessory respiratory m.
transverse m. of auricle	m. transversus auriculae	cranial surface of auricle	circumference of auricle	posterior auricular branch of facial	retracts helix
transverse m. of chin	m. transversus menti	a name applied to superficial fibers of depressor m. of angle of mouth which turn medially and cross to opposite side
transverse m. of nape	m. transversus nuchae	a name applied to small muscle often present, passing from occipital protuberance to posterior auricular m.; it may be either superficial or deep to trapezius
transverse m. of perineum, deep	m. transversus perinei profundus	ramus of ischium	tendinous center of perineum	perineal	fixes tendinous center of perineum
transverse m. of perineum, superficial	m. transversus perinei superficialis	ramus of ischium	tendinous center of perineum	perineal	fixes tendinous center of perineum
transverse m. of thorax	m. transversus thoracis	posterior surface of body of sternum and of xiphoid process	second to sixth costal cartilages	intercostal	perhaps narrows chest
transverse m. of tongue	m. transversus linguae	median septum of tongue	dorsum and margins of tongue	hypoglossal	changes shape of tongue in mastication and swallowing
transversospinal m's	mm. transversospinales	a name applied collectively to semispinal, multifidus, and rotator m's
trapezius m.	m. trapezius	occipital bone, nuchal ligament, spinous processes of seventh cervical and all thoracic vertebrae	clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula	accessory, cervical plexus	elevates shoulder, rotates scapula to raise shoulder in abduction of arm, draws scapula backward
triangular m. See depressor m. of angle of mouth
triceps m. of arm (triceps brachii m.)	m. triceps brachii	long head—infraglenoid tubercle of scapula; lateral head—posterior surface of humerus; medial head—posterior surface of humerus below groove for radial nerve	olecranon of ulna	radial	extends forearm; long head adducts, extends arm
triceps m. of calf (triceps surae m.)	m. triceps surae	a name applied collectively to gastrocnemius and soleus m's
m. of uvula	m. uvulae	posterior nasal spine of palatine bone and aponeurosis of soft palate	uvula	pharyngeal plexus	raises uvula
vastus m., intermediate	m. vastus intermedius	anterior and lateral surfaces of femur	patella, common tendon of quadriceps m. of thigh	femoral	extends leg
vastus m., lateral	m. vastus lateralis	lateral aspects of femur	patella, common tendon of quadriceps m. of thigh	femoral	extends leg
vastus m., medial	m. vastus medialis	medial aspect of femur	patella, common tendon of quadriceps m. of thigh	femoral	extends leg
vertical m. of tongue	m. verticalis linguae	dorsal fascia of tongue	sides and base of tongue	hypoglossal	changes shape of tongue in mastication and deglutition
vocal m.	m. vocalis	angle between laminae of thyroid cartilage	vocal process of arytenoid cartilage	recurrent laryngeal	causes local variations in tension of vocal fold
zygomatic m., greater	m. zygomaticus major	zygomatic bone	angle of mouth	facial	draws angle of mouth upward and backward
zygomatic m., smaller	m. zygomaticus minor	zygomatic bone	orbicular m. of mouth, levator m. of upper lip	facial	draws upper lip upward and laterally

*m. = muscle; m's = (pl.) muscles
^†m. = [L.] musculus; mm. = ([L.] pl.) musculi