|
Nerves
|
|
Common Name* [Modality]
|
TA Term†
|
Origin*
|
Branches*
|
Distribution*
|
|
abducent n. (6th cranial) [motor]
|
n. abducens
|
a nucleus in the pons, beneath floor of fourth
ventricle
|
|
lateral rectus muscle of eyeball
|
|
accessory n. (11th cranial) [parasympathetic,
motor]
|
n. accessories
|
by cranial roots from side of medulla oblongata and by
spinal roots of spinal cord
|
|
internal branch of vagus, thereby to palate, pharynx,
larynx, and thoracic viscera; external to sternocleidomastoid and trapezius
muscles
|
|
acoustic n. See vestibulocochlear n.
|
|
|
|
|
|
alveolar n., inferior [motor, general
sensory]
|
n. alveolaris inferior
|
mandibular n.
|
inferior dental, mental, and inferior gingival nerves;
mylohyoid n.
|
teeth and gums of lower jaw, skin and chin and lower
lip, mylohyoid muscle and anterior belly of digastric muscle
|
|
alveolar n's, superior
|
nn. alveolares superiores
|
superior alveolar branches (anterior, middle, and
posterior) that arise from infraorbital and maxillary n's, innervating
teeth of upper jaw and maxillary sinus, and forming superior dental
plexus
|
|
|
ampullary n., anterior
|
n. ampullaris anterior
|
branch of vestibular part of eight cranial
(vestibulo-cochlear) n. that innervates ampulla of anterior semicircular
duct, ending around hair cells of ampullary crest
|
|
|
ampullary n., inferior. See ampullary n.,
posterior
|
|
|
|
|
|
ampullary n., lateral
|
n. ampullaris lateralis
|
branch of vestibular n. that innervates ampulla of
lateral semicircular duct, ending around hair cells of ampullary
crest
|
|
|
ampullary n., posterior
|
n. ampullaris posterior
|
branch of vestibular part of eighth cranial
(vestibulocochlear) n. that innervates ampulla of posterior semicircular
duct, ending around hair cells of ampullary crest
|
|
|
ampullary n., superior. See ampullary n.,
anterior
|
|
|
|
|
|
anal n's, inferior. See rectal n's,
inferior
|
|
|
|
|
|
anococcygeal n. [general sensory]
|
n. anococcygeus
|
coccygeal plexus
|
|
sacrococcygeal joint, coccyx, skin over
coccyx
|
|
auditory n. See vestibulocochlear n.
|
|
|
|
|
|
auricular n's, anterior [general sensory]
|
nn. auriculares anteriores
|
auriculotemporal n.
|
|
skin of anterosuperior part of external ear
|
|
auricular n., great [general sensory]
|
n. auricularis magnus
|
cervical; plexus—C2–C3
|
anterior and posterior branches
|
skin over parotid gland and mastoid process, and both
surfaces of auricle
|
|
auricular n., posterior [motor, general
sensory]
|
n. auricularis posterior
|
facial n.
|
occipital branch
|
posterior auricular and occipitofrontal muscles, skin of
external acoustic meatus
|
|
auriculotemporal n. [general sensory]
|
n. auriculotemporalis
|
by two roots from mandibular n.
|
anterior auricular n., n. of external acoustic meatus,
parotid branches, branch to tympanic membrane, branch communicating with
facial n.; terminal branches superficial temporal to scalp
|
parotid gland, scalp in temporal region, tympanic
membrane. See also auricular n., anterior and n. of external
acoustic meatus
|
|
axillary n. [motor, general sensory]
|
n. axillaris
|
posterior cord of brachial plexus—C5–C6
|
lateral superior brachial cutaneous n., muscular
branches
|
deltoid and teres minor muscles, skin over back of
arm
|
|
buccal n. [general sensory]
|
n. buccalis
|
mandibular n.
|
|
skin and mucous membrane of cheeks, gums, and perhaps
first two molars and the premolars
|
|
cardiac n., cervical, inferior [sympathetic
(accelerator), visceral afferent (chiefly pain)]
|
n. cardiacus cervicalis inferior
|
cervicothoracic ganglion
|
|
heart via cardiac plexus
|
|
cardiac n., cervical, middle [sympathetic (accelerator),
visceral afferent (chiefly pain)]
|
n. cardiacus cervicalis medius
|
middle cervical ganglion
|
|
heart
|
|
cardiac n., cervical, superior [sympathetic
(accelerator)]
|
n. cardiacus cervicalis superior
|
superior cervical ganglion
|
|
heart
|
|
cardiac n., inferior. See cardiac n., cervical,
inferior
|
|
|
|
|
|
cardiac n., middle. See cardiac n., cervical,
middle
|
|
|
|
|
|
cardiac n., superior. See cardiac n., cervical,
superior
|
|
|
|
|
|
cardiac n's, thoracic [sympathetic (accelerator),
visceral afferent (chiefly pain)]
|
rami cardiaci thoracici
|
ganglia T2–T4 or T5 of sympathetic trunk
|
together with tympanic n. forms tympanic plexus
|
heart
|
|
caroticotympanic n's [sympathetic]
|
nn. caroticotympanici
|
internal carotid plexus
|
help form tympanic plexus
|
tympanic region, parotid gland
|
|
caroticotympanic n's, inferior and superior
[sympathetic]
|
nn. caroticotympanici
|
internal carotid plexus
|
with tympanic n. form tympanic plexus
|
tympanic region, parotid gland
|
|
carotid n's, external [sympathetic]
|
nn. carotici externi
|
superior cervical ganglion
|
|
cranial blood vessels and glands via external carotid
plexus
|
|
carotid n., internal [sympathetic]
|
n. caroticus internus
|
superior cervical ganglion
|
|
cranial blood vessels and glands via internal carotid
plexus
|
|
cavernous n's of clitoris [parasympathetic, sympathetic,
visceral afferent]
|
nn. cavernosi clitoridis
|
uterovaginal plexus
|
|
erectile tissue of clitoris
|
|
cavernous n's of penis [sympathetic, parasympathetic,
visceral afferent]
|
nn. cavernosi penis
|
prostatic plexus
|
|
erectile tissue of penis
|
|
cerebral n's. See cranial n's
|
|
|
|
|
|
cervical n's
|
nn. cervicales
|
the 8 pairs of n's that arise from cervical segments of
spinal cord and, except last pair, leave vertebral column above
correspondingly numbered vertebra; the ventral branches of upper 4, on
either side, unite to form cervical plexus; those of lower 4, together with
ventral branch of first thoracic n., form most of brachial
plexus
|
|
|
cervical n., transverse [general sensory]
|
n. transversus cervicalis
|
cervical plexus—C2–C3
|
superior and inferior branches
|
skin on side and front of neck
|
|
ciliary n's, long [sympathetic, general
sensory]
|
nn. ciliares longi
|
nasociliary n., from ophthalmic n.
|
|
dilator muscle of pupil, uvea, cornea
|
|
ciliary n's, short [parasympathetic, sympathetic,
general sensory]
|
nn. ciliares breves
|
ciliary ganglion
|
|
smooth muscles and tunics of eye
|
|
cluneal n's, inferior [general sensory]
|
nn. clunium inferiores
|
posterior femoral cutaneous n.
|
|
skin of lower part of buttock
|
|
cluneal n's, middle [general sensory]
|
nn. clunium medii
|
plexus formed by lateral branches of dorsal branches of
first 4 sacral nerves behind sacrum and coccyx
|
|
ligaments of sacrum and skin over posterior part of
buttock
|
|
cluneal n's, superior [general sensory]
|
nn. clunium superiores
|
posterior branches of upper lumbar n's
|
|
skin of upper part of buttock
|
|
coccygeal n.
|
n. coccygeus
|
one of the pair of nerves arising from coccygeal segment
of spinal cord
|
|
|
cochlear n.
|
n. cochlearis
|
the part of the vestibulocochlear n. concerned with
hearing, consisting of fibers that arise from the bipolar cells in the
spiral ganglion and have their receptors in the spiral organ of the
cochlea
|
|
|
cranial n's
|
nn. craniales
|
the 12 pairs of n's connected with brain, including
olfactory (I), optic (II), oculomotor (III), trochlear (IV), trigeminal
(V), abducens (VI), facial (VII), vestibulocochlear (VIII),
glossopharyngeal (IX), vagus (X), accessory (XI), and hypoglossal (XII)
nerves
|
|
|
cubital n. See ulnar n.
|
|
|
|
|
|
cutaneous n. of arm, lateral, inferior [general
sensory]
|
n. cutaneus brachii lateralis inferior
|
radial n.
|
|
skin of lateral surface of lower arm
|
|
cutaneous n. of arm, lateral, superior [general
sensory]
|
n. cutaneus brachii lateralis superior
|
axillary n.
|
|
skin of back of arm
|
|
cutaneous n. of arm, medial [general
sensory]
|
n. cutaneus brachii medialis
|
medial cord of brachial plexus (T1)
|
|
skin on medical and posterior aspects of arm
|
|
cutaneous n. of arm, posterior [general
sensory]
|
n. cutaneus brachii posterior
|
radial n. in axilla
|
|
skin on back of arm
|
|
cutaneous n. of calf, lateral [general
sensory]
|
n. cutaneus surae lateralis
|
common fibular n.
|
|
skin of lateral side of back of leg, rarely may continue
as sural n.
|
|
cutaneous n. of calf, medial [general
sensory]
|
n. cutaneus surae medialis
|
tibial n.; usually joins fibular communicating branch of
common fibular n. to form sural n.
|
|
may continues as sural n.
|
|
cutaneous n., dorsal, intermediate [general
sensory]
|
n. cutaneus dorsalis intermedius
|
superficial fibular n.
|
dorsal digital n's of foot
|
skin of front of lower third of leg and dorsum of foot;
ankle; skin and joints of adjacent sides of third and fourth, and of fourth
and fifth toes
|
|
cutaneous n., dorsal, lateral [general sensory]
|
n. cutaneus dorsalis lateralis
|
continuation of sural n.
|
|
skin and joints of lateral side and foot and fifth
toe
|
|
cutaneous n., dorsal, medial [general
sensory]
|
n. cutaneus dorsalis medialis
|
superficial fibular n.
|
|
skin and joints of medial side of foot and big toe;
adjacent sides of second and third toes
|
|
cutaneous n. of forearm, lateral [general
sensory]
|
n. cutaneus antebrachii lateralis
|
continuation of musculocutaneous n.
|
|
skin over radial side of forearm; sometimes and area of
skin of back of hand
|
|
cutaneous n. of forearm, medial [general
sensory]
|
n. cutaneus antebrachii medialis
|
medial cord of brachial plexus (C8, T1)
|
anterior and ulnar
|
skin of front, medial, and posteromedial aspects of
forearm
|
|
cutaneous n. of forearm, posterior [general
sensory]
|
n. cutaneus antebrachii posterior
|
radial n.
|
|
skin of dorsal aspect of forearm
|
|
cutaneous n. of neck, anterior. See cutaneous n.
of neck, transverse
|
|
|
|
|
|
cutaneous n. of neck, transverse [general
sensory]
|
n. transversus cervicalis
|
cervical plexus—C2–C3
|
superior and inferior rami
|
skin on side and front of neck
|
|
cutaneous n. of thigh, lateral [general sensory]
|
n. cutaneus femoris lateralis
|
lumbar plexus—L2–L3
|
|
skin of lateral aspect and front of thigh
|
|
cutaneous n. of thigh, posterior [general
sensory]
|
n. cutaneus femoralis posterior
|
sacral plexus—S1–S3
|
inferior cluneal n's, perineal branches
|
skin of buttock, external genitalia, back of thigh and
calf
|
|
digital n's, dorsal, radial. See digital n's of
radial n., dorsal
|
|
|
|
|
|
digital n's, dorsal, ulnar, See digital n's of ulnar
n., dorsal
|
|
|
|
|
|
digital n's of foot, dorsal [general
sensory]
|
nn. digitales dorsales pedis
|
intermediate dorsal cutaneous n.
|
|
skin and joint of adjacent sides of third and fourth and
of fourth and fifth toes
|
|
digital n's of lateral plantar n., plantar, common
[general sensory]
|
nn. digitales plantares communes nervi plantaris
lateralis
|
superficial branch of lateral plantar n.
|
medial n. gives rise to 2 proper plantar digital
n's
|
lateral branch to short flexor muscle of little toe,
skin and joints of lateral side of sole and little toe; medial branch to
adjacent sides of fourth and fifth toes
|
|
digital n's of lateral plantar n., plantar, proper
[motor, general sensory]
|
nn. digitales plantares proprii nervi plantaris
lateralis
|
common plantar digital n's
|
|
short flexor muscle of little toe, skin and joints of
lateral side of sole and little toe, and adjacent surfaces of fourth and
fifth toes
|
|
digital n's of medial plantar n., plantar, common
[motor, general sensory]
|
nn. digitales plantares communes nervi plantaris
medialis
|
medial plantar n.
|
|
flexor hallucis brevis muscles, skin and joints of
medial side of foot and first toe, and adjacent sides of first and second,
second and third, and third and fourth toes
|
|
digital n's of medial plantar n., plantar, proper
[general sensory]
|
nn. digitales plantares proprii nervi plantaris
medialis
|
common plantar digital n's
|
|
skin and joints of first toe, and adjacent sides of
first and second, second and third, and third and fourth toes; the nerves
extend to the dorsum to supply nail beds and tips of toes
|
|
digital n's of median n., palmar, common [motor, general
sensory]
|
nn. digitales palmares communes nervi
mediani
|
lateral and medial divisions of median n.
|
proper palmar digital n's
|
thumb, index, middle, and ring fingers, and first two
lumbrical muscles
|
|
digital n's of median n., palmar, proper [motor, general
sensory]
|
nn. digitales palmares proprii nervi mediani
|
common palmar digital n's
|
|
first two lumbrical muscles, skin and joints of both
sides and palmar aspect of thumb, index, and middle fingers, radial side of
ring finger, back of distal aspect of these digits
|
|
digital n's of radial n., dorsal [general
sensory]
|
nn. digitales dorsales nervi radialis
|
superficial branch of radial n.
|
|
skin and joints of back of thumb, index finger, middle
finger, and medial aspect of ring finger, as far distally as digital
phalanx
|
|
digital n's of ulnar n., dorsal [general
sensory]
|
nn. digitales dorsales nervi ulnaris
|
dorsal branch of ulnar n.
|
|
skin and joints of medial side of little finger, dorsal
aspects of adjacent sides of little and ring fingers and of ring and middle
fingers
|
|
digital n's of ulnar n., palmar, common [general
sensory]
|
nn. digitales palmares communes nervi
ulnaris
|
superficial branch of ulnar n.
|
proper palmar digital n's
|
little and ring fingers
|
|
digital n's of ulnar n., palmar, proper [general
sensory]
|
nn. digitales palmares proprii nervi ulnaris
|
the lateral of the two common palmar digital n's from
superficial branch of ulnar n.
|
|
skin and joints of adjacent sides of fourth and fifth
fingers
|
|
dorsal n. of clitoris [general sensory,
motor]
|
n. dorsalis clitoridis
|
pudendal n.
|
|
deep transverse muscle of perineum, sphincter muscle of
urethra, corpus cavernosum of clitoris, and skin, prepuce, and glans of
clitoris
|
|
dorsal n. of penis [general sensory, motor]
|
n. dorsalis penis
|
pudendal n.
|
|
deep transverse muscle of perineum, sphincter muscle of
urethra, corpus cavernosum of penis, and skin, prepuce, and glans of
penis
|
|
dorsal scapular n. [motor]
|
n. dorsalis scapulae
|
brachial plexus—ventral branch of C5
|
|
rhomboid muscles and occasionally the levator muscle of
scapula
|
|
ethmoidal n., anterior [general sensory]
|
n. ethmoidalis anterior
|
continuation of nasociliary n., from ophthalmic
n.
|
internal, external, lateral, and medial nasal
branches
|
mucosa of upper and anterior nasal septum, lateral wall
of nasal cavity, skin of lower bridge and tip of nose
|
|
ethmoidal n., posterior [general sensory]
|
n. ethmoidalis posterior
|
nasociliary n., from ophthalmic n.
|
|
mucosa of posterior ethmoid cells and of sphenoidal
sinus
|
|
n. of external acoustic meatus [general
sensory]
|
n. meatus acustici externi
|
auriculotemporal n.
|
|
skin lining external acoustic meatus, and tympanic
membrane
|
|
facial n. (7th cranial) [motor, parasympathetic, general
sensory, special sensory]. See also intermediate n.
|
n. facialis
|
inferior border of pons, between olive and inferior
cerebellar peduncle
|
stapedius n.; posterior auricular n.; parotid plexus; digastric,
temporal, zygomatic, buccal, lingual, marginal mandibular, and cervical
branches, and communicating branch with tympanic plexus
|
various structures of face, head, and neck (see also
individual branches in this table)
|
|
femoral n. [general sensory, motor]
|
n. femoralis
|
lumbar plexus—L2–L4; descending behind inguinal ligament
to femoral triangle
|
saphenous n., muscular and anterior cutaneous
branches
|
skin of thigh and leg, muscles of front and thigh, and
hip and knee joints (see also individual branches in this
table)
|
|
fibular n., common [general sensory, motor]
|
n. fibularis communis
|
sciatic n. in lower part of thigh
|
supplies short head of biceps femoris muscle; gives off lateral
sural cutaneous n. and communicating branch as it descends in popliteal
fossa, supplies knee and superior tibiofibular joints and tibialis anterior
muscle; divides into superficial and deep fibular n's
|
|
fibular n., deep [general sensory, motor]
|
n. fibularis profundus
|
common fibular n.
|
winds around neck of fibula and descends on the
inter-osseous membrane to front of ankle; muscular branches given off to
tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis, extensor digitorum longus, and third
peroneal muscles, and a twig to ankle joint; a lateral terminal division
supplies extensor brevis muscle and tarsal joints; medial terminal
division, or digital branch, divides into dorsal digital n's for skin and
joints of adjacent sides of first and second toes
|
|
fibular n., superficial common [general sensory,
motor]
|
n. fibularis superficialis
|
common fibular n.
|
descends in front of fibula, supplies peroneus longus and
brevis muscles and, in the lower part of the leg, divides into the muscular
rami, medial and intermediate dorsal cutaneous n's
|
|
frontal n. [general sensory]
|
n. frontalis
|
ophthalmic division of trigeminal n.; enters orbit
through superior orbital fissure
|
supraorbital and supra trochlear n's
|
chiefly to forehead and scalp (see individual
branches listed in this table)
|
|
genitofemoral n. [general sensory, motor]
|
n. genitofemoralis
|
lumbar plexus—L1–L2
|
genital and femoral branches
|
cremaster muscle, skin of scrotum or labium majus and of
adjacent area of thigh and femoral triangle
|
|
glossopharyngeal n. (9th cranial) [motor,
parasympathetic, general sensory, special sensory, visceral
sensory]
|
n. glossopharyngeus
|
several rootlets from lateral side of upper medulla
oblongata, between olive and inferior cerebellar peduncle
|
tympanic n., pharyngeal, stylopharyngeal, tonsillar, and
lingual branches, branch to carotid sinus, communicating branch with
auricular branch of vagus n.
|
has two enlargements (superior and inferior ganglia) and
supplies tongue, pharynx, and parotid nerve (see also individual
branches in this table)
|
|
gluteal n., inferior [motor]
|
n. gluteus inferior
|
sacral plexus—L5–S2
|
|
gluteus maximus muscle
|
|
gluteal n., superior [motor, general
sensory]
|
n. gluteus superior
|
sacral plexus—L4–S1
|
|
gluteus medius and minimus muscles, tensor fasciae
latae, and hip joint
|
|
hemorrhoidal n's, inferior See rectal n's,
inferior hypogastric n.
|
|
|
|
|
|
hypogastric n.
|
n. hypogastricus
|
a nerve trunk situated on either side (right and left),
interconnecting superior and inferior hypogastric plexuses
|
|
|
hypoglossal n. (12th cranial) [motor]
|
n. hypoglossus
|
several rootlets in anterolateral sulcus between olive
and pyramid of medulla oblongata; passes through hypoglossal canal to
tongue
|
lingual branches
|
styloglossus, hyoglossus, and genioglossus muscles,
intrinsic muscles of tongue
|
|
iliohypogastric n. [motor, general sensory]
|
n. iliohypogastricus
|
lumbar plexus—L1 (sometimes T12)
|
lateral and anterior cutaneous branches
|
skin above pubis and over lateral side of buttock, and
occasionally pyramidal muscle
|
|
ilioinguinal n. [general sensory]
|
n. ilioinguinalis
|
lumbar plexus—L1 (sometimes T12); accompanies spermatic
cord through inguinal canal
|
anterior scrotal or labial branches
|
skin of scrotum or labia majora, and adjacent part of
thigh
|
|
infraoccipital n. See suboccipital n.
|
|
|
|
|
|
infraorbital n. [general sensory]
|
n. infraorbitalis
|
continuation of maxillary n., entering orbit through
inferior orbital fissure, occupying in succession infraorbital groove,
canal, and foramen
|
middle and anterior superior alveolar, inferior
palpebral, internal and external nasal, and superior labial branches
|
incisor, cuspid, and premolar teeth of upper jaw, skin
and conjunctiva of lower eyelid, mobile septum and skin of side of nose,
mucous membrane of mouth, skin of upper lip
|
|
infratrochlear n. [general sensory]
|
n. infratrochlearis
|
nasociliary n., from ophthalmic n.
|
palpebral branches
|
skin of root and upper bridge of nose and lower eyelid,
conjunctiva, lacrimal duct
|
|
intercostobrachial n's [general sensory]
|
nn. intercostobrachiales
|
second and third intercostal n's
|
|
skin on back and medial aspect of arm
|
|
intermediate n. [parasympathetic, special
sensory]
|
n. intermedius
|
smaller root of facial n., between main root and
vestibulocochlear n.
|
greater petrosal n., chorda tympani
|
lacrimal, nasal, palatine, submandibular, and sublingual
glands, and anterior two thirds of tongue
|
|
intermediofacial n. See facial n. and
intermediate n.
|
|
|
|
|
|
interosseous n. of forearm, anterior [motor, general
sensory]
|
n. interosseus antebrachii anterior
|
median n.
|
|
flexor pollicis longus, flexor digitorum profundus, and
pronator quadratus muscles, wrist and intercarpal joints
|
|
interosseous n. of forearm, posterior [motor, general
sensory]
|
n. interosseus antebrachii posterior
|
continuation of deep branch of radial n.
|
|
long abductor muscle of thumb, extensor muscles of thumb
and index finger, and wrist and intercarpal joints
|
|
interosseous n. of leg [general sensory]
|
n. interosseus cruris
|
tibial n.
|
|
interosseous membrane and tibiofemoral
syndesmosis
|
|
ischiadic n. See sciatic n.
|
|
|
|
|
|
jugular n.
|
n. jugularis
|
a branch of the superior cervical which communicates with
glossopharyngeal and vagus n's
|
|
|
labial n's, anterior [general sensory]
|
nn. labiales anteriores
|
ilioinguinal n.
|
|
skin of anterior labial region of labia majora and
adjacent part of thigh
|
|
labial n's, posterior [general sensory]
|
nn. labiales posteriores
|
pudendal n.
|
|
labium majus
|
|
lacrimal n. [general sensory]
|
n. lacrimalis
|
ophthalmic division of trigeminal n. entering orbit
through superior orbital fissure
|
|
lacrimal gland, conjunctiva, lateral commissure of eye,
skin of upper eyelid
|
|
laryngeal n., external [motor]
|
ramus externus nervi laryngei superioris
|
superior laryngeal n.
|
|
cricothyroid, inferior constrictor of
pharynx
|
|
laryngeal n., inferior [motor]
|
n. laryngeus inferior
|
recurrent laryngeal n., especially the terminal
portion
|
|
intrinsic muscles of larynx, except cricothyroid
communicates with internal laryngeal n.
|
|
laryngeal n., internal [general sensory]
|
ramus internus nervi laryngei superioris
|
superior laryngeal n.
|
|
mucosa of epiglottis, base of tongue, and
larynx
|
|
laryngeal n., recurrent [parasympathetic, visceral
afferent, motor]
|
n. laryngeus recurrens
|
vagus n. (chiefly the cranial part of accessory
n.)
|
inferior laryngeal n., tracheal, esophageal, and
inferior cardiac branches
|
tracheal mucosa, esophagus, cardiac plexus (see also
individual branches in this table)
|
|
laryngeal n., superior [motor, general sensory, visceral
afferent, parasympathetic]
|
n. laryngeus superior
|
inferior ganglion of vagus n.
|
external, internal, and communicating
branches
|
cricothyroid muscle and inferior constrictor muscle of
pharynx, mucous membrane of back of tongue and larynx
|
|
lingual n. [general sensory]
|
n. lingualis
|
mandibular n., descending to tongue, first medial to
mandible and then under cover of mucosa of mouth
|
sublingual n., lingual branch, branch to isthmus of
fauces, branch communicating with hypoglossal n. and chorda
tympani
|
anterior two thirds of tongue, adjacent areas of mouth,
gums, isthmus of fauces
|
|
lumbar n's
|
nn. lumbales
|
the 5 pairs of n's that arise from lumbar segments of
spinal cord, each pair leaving vertebral column below correspondingly
numbered vertebrae; ventral branches of these nerves participate in
formation of lumbosacral plexus
|
|
|
mandibular n. (third division of trigeminal n.) [general
sensory, motor]
|
n. mandibularis
|
trigeminal ganglion
|
meningeal branch, masseteric, deep temporal, lateral and
medial pterygoid, buccal, auriculotemporal, lingual and inferior alveolar
n's
|
extensive distribution to muscles of mastication, skin
of face, mucous membrane of mouth, and teeth (see also individual
branches in this table)
|
|
masseteric n. [motor, general sensory]
|
n. massetericus
|
mandibular division of trigeminal n.
|
|
masseter muscle, temporomandibular joint
|
|
maxillary n. (second division of trigeminal n.) [general
sensory]
|
n. maxillaris
|
trigeminal ganglion
|
meningeal branch, zygomatic n., posterior superior
alveolar branches, infraorbital n., pterygopalatine n's, and indirectly
branches of pterygopalatine ganglion
|
extensive distribution to skin of face and scalp, mucous
membrane of maxillary sinus and nasal cavity, and teeth
|
|
median n. [general sensory]
|
n. medianus
|
lateral and medial cords of brachial
plexus—C6–T1
|
anterior interosseous n. of forearm, common palmar
digital n's, and muscular and palmar branches, and a communicating branch
with ulnar n.
|
ultimately, skin on front of lateral part of hand, most
of flexor muscles of front of forearm, most of short muscles of thumb,
elbow joint, and many joints of hand
|
|
mental n. [general sensory]
|
n. mentalis
|
inferior alveolar n.
|
mental, gingival, and inferior labial
branches
|
skin of chin, lower lip
|
|
musculocutaneous n. [general sensory, motor]
|
n. musculocutaneus
|
lateral cord of brachial plexus—C5–C7
|
lateral cutaneous n. of forearm, muscular
branches
|
coracobrachial, biceps, brachial muscles, elbow joint,
skin of radial side of forearm
|
|
musculocutaneous n. of foot. See fibular n.,
superficial
|
|
|
|
|
|
musculocutaneous n. of leg. See fibular n.,
deep
|
|
|
|
|
|
mylohyoid n. [motor]
|
n. mylohyoideus
|
inferior alveolar n.
|
|
mylohyoid muscle, anterior belly of digastric
muscle
|
|
nasociliary n. [general sensory]
|
n. nasociliaris
|
ophthalmic division of trigeminal nerve
|
long ciliary, posterior ethmoidal, anterior ethmoidal,
and infratrochlear n's and a communicating branch to ciliary
ganglion
|
(see individual branches in this
table)
|
|
nasopalatine n. [parasympathetic, general
sensory]
|
n. nasopalatinus
|
pterygopalatine ganglion
|
|
mucosa and glands of most of nasal septum and anterior
part of hard palate
|
|
obturator n. [general sensory, motor]
|
n. obturatorius
|
lumbar plexus—L3–L4
|
anterior, posterior, and muscular branches
|
gracilis and adductor muscles, skin of medial part of
thigh, and hip joints
|
|
obturator n., accessory [general sensory,
motor]
|
n. obturatorius accessorius
|
ventral branches of ventral rami of L3–L4
|
|
pectineus muscle, hip joint, obturator nerve
|
|
obturator n., internal [general sensory,
motor]
|
n. musculi obturatorii interni
|
ventral branches of ventral rami of L5,
S1–S2
|
|
posterior gemellus superior, obturator internus
muscle
|
|
occipital n., greater [general sensory,
motor]
|
n. occipitalis major
|
medial branch of dorsal branch of C2
|
|
semispinal muscle of head and skin of head as far
forward as vertex
|
|
occipital n., lesser [general sensory]
|
n. occipitalis minor
|
superficial cervical plexus—C2–C3
|
|
ascends behind auricle and supplies some of the skin of
side of head and on cranial surface of auricle
|
|
occipital n., third [general sensory]
|
n. occipitalis tertius
|
medial branch of dorsal branch of C3
|
|
skin of upper part of back of neck and head
|
|
oculomotor n. (3rd cranial) [motor,
parasympathetic]
|
n. oculomotorius
|
brain stem, emerging medial to cerebral peduncles, running
forward in the cavernous sinus
|
superior and inferior branches
|
entering orbit through superior orbital fissure, the
branches supply levator muscle of upper lid, all extrinsic muscles except
lateral rectus and superior oblique, and carry parasympathetic fibers from
ciliary muscle to sphincter of pupil
|
|
olfactory n. (1st cranial) [special
sensory]
|
nn. olfactorius
|
the nerve of smell, consisting of about 20 bundles
arising in the olfactory epithelium and passing through the cribriform
plate of ethmoid bone to olfactory bulb
|
|
|
ophthalmic n. (first division of trigeminal n.) [general
sensory]
|
n. ophthalmicus
|
trigeminal ganglion
|
tentorial branches, frontal, lacrimal, nasociliary
n's
|
eyeball and conjunctiva, lacrimal sac and gland, nasal
mucosa and frontal sinus, external nose, eyelid, forehead, and scalp (see
also individual branches in this table)
|
|
optic n. (2nd cranial) [special
sensory]
|
n. opticus
|
the nerve of sight, consisting chiefly of axons and
central processes of cells of the ganglionic layer of retina leaving the
orbit through the optic canal, joining the optic chiasm (the medial ones
crossing over to opposite side), and continuing as the optic tract
|
|
|
palatine n., anterior. See palatine n.,
greater
|
|
|
|
|
|
palatine n., greater [parasympathetic, sympathetic,
general sensory]
|
n. palatinus major
|
pterygopalatine ganglion
|
posterior inferior [lateral] nasal branches
|
emerges through greater palatine foramen and supplies
palate
|
|
palatine n's, lesser [parasympathetic, sympathetic,
general sensory]
|
nn. palatini minores
|
pterygopalatine ganglion
|
|
emerge through lesser palatine foramen and supply soft palate
and tonsil
|
|
perineal n's [motor, general sensory]
|
nn. perineales
|
pudendal n. in pudendal canal
|
muscular branches and posterior scrotal or labial
nerves
|
muscular branches supply bulbospongiosus, ischiocavernosus,
superficial transverse perinei muscles and bulb of penis and, in part,
sphincter ani externi and levator ani; the scrotal or labial n's supply the
scrotum or labium majus
|
|
peroneal n's. See entries under fibular
n.
|
|
|
|
|
|
petrosal n., deep [sympathetic]
|
n. petrosus profundus
|
internal carotid plexus
|
|
joins greater petrosal n. to form n. of pterygoid canal,
and supplies lacrimal, nasal, and palatine glands via pterygopalatine
ganglion and its branches
|
|
petrosal n., greater [parasympathetic, general
sensory]
|
n. petrosus major
|
intermediate n. via geniculate ganglion
|
|
running forward from geniculate ganglion, joins deep
petrosal n. of pterygoid canal, and reaches lacrimal, nasal, and palatine glands
and nasopharynx via pterygopalatine ganglion and its branches
|
|
petrosal n., lesser [parasympathetic]
|
n. petrosus minor
|
tympanic plexus
|
|
parotid gland via otic ganglion and auriculotemporal
n.
|
|
phrenic n. [motor, general sensory]
|
n. phrenicus
|
cervical plexus—C4–C5
|
pericardial and phrenicoabdominal branches
|
pleura, pericardium, diaphragm, peritoneum, sympathetic
plexuses
|
|
phrenic n's, accessory
|
nn. phrenici accessorii
|
inconstant contribution of fifth cervical n. to phrenic
n.; when present, they run a separate course to root of neck or into thorax
before joining phrenic n.
|
|
|
piriform n. [general sensory, motor]
|
n. musculi piriformis
|
dorsal branches of ventral rami of S1–S2
|
|
anterior piriform muscle
|
|
plantar n., lateral [general sensory, motor]
|
n. plantaris lateralis
|
smaller of terminal branches of tibial n.
|
muscular, superficial, and deep branches
|
lying between first and second layers of muscles of
sole, supplies quadratus plantae, abductor digiti minimi, flexor digiti
minimi brevis, adductor hallucis, interossei, and second, third, and fourth
lumbrical muscles, and gives off cutaneous and articular twigs to lateral
side of sole and fourth and fifth toes (see also individual branches
in this table)
|
|
plantar n., medial [general sensory, motor]
|
n. plantaris medialis
|
larger of terminal branches of tibial n.
|
common plantar digital n's and muscular
branches
|
abductor hallucis, flexor digitorum brevis, flexor
hallucis brevis, and first lumbrical muscles and cutaneous and articular
twigs to medial side of sole and first to fourth toes (see also
individual branches in this table)
|
|
pneumogastric n. See vagus n.
|
|
|
|
|
|
popliteal n., external. See fibular n.,
common
|
|
|
|
|
|
popliteal n., lateral. See fibular n.,
common
|
|
|
|
|
|
pterygoid n., lateral [motor]
|
n. pterygoideus lateralis
|
mandibular n.
|
|
lateral pterygoid, tensor tympani, and tensor veli
palatini muscles
|
|
pterygoid n., medial [motor]
|
n. pterygoideus medialis
|
mandibular n.
|
|
medial pterygoid muscle
|
|
n. of pterygoid canal [parasympathetic,
sympathetic]
|
n. canalis pterygoidei
|
union of deep and greater petrosal n's
|
|
pterygopalatine ganglion and branches
|
|
pterygopalatine n's [general sensory]
|
|
two nerves connecting maxillary n. to pterygopalatine
ganglion; they are the sensory roots of the ganglion
|
|
|
pudendal n. [general sensory, motor,
parasympathetic]
|
n. pudendus
|
sacral plexus—S2–S4
|
enters pudendal canal, gives off inferior rectal n.,
then divides into perineal n. and dorsal n. of penis (clitoris)
|
muscles, skin, and erectile tissue of perineum (see
also individual branches in this table)
|
|
n. of quadrate muscle of thigh [sensory,
motor]
|
n. musculi quadrati femoris
|
ventral branches of ventral rami of L4–L5
|
|
gemellus inferior, anterior quadratus femoris muscle,
hip joint
|
|
radial n. [general sensory, motor]
|
n. radialis
|
posterior cord of brachial plexus—C6–C8, and sometimes
C5 and T1
|
posterior cutaneous and inferior lateral cutaneous n's
of arm, posterior cutaneous n. of forearm, muscular, deep, and superficial
branches
|
descending in back of arm and forearm, ultimately
distributed to skin on back of forearm, arm, and hand, extensor muscles on
back of arm and forearm, and elbow joint and many joints of
hand
|
|
rectal n's, inferior [general sensory,
motor]
|
nn. rectales inferiores
|
pudendal n., or independently from sacral
plexus
|
|
sphincter ani externus muscle, skin around anus, lining
of anal canal up to pectinate line
|
|
recurrent n. See laryngeal n.,
recurrent
|
|
|
|
|
|
saccular n.
|
n. saccularis
|
the branch of vestibular part of eighth cranial
(vestibulocochlear) nerve that innervates macula of saccule
|
|
|
sacral n's
|
nn. sacrales
|
the 5 pairs of n's that arise from sacral segments of
spinal cord; the ventral branches of first 4 pairs participate in formation
of sacral plexus
|
|
|
saphenous n. [general sensory]
|
n. saphenus
|
termination of femoral n.
|
infrapatellar and medial crural cutaneous
|
knee joint, subsartorial and patellar plexuses, skin on
medial side of leg and foot
|
|
sciatic n. [general sensory, motor]
|
n. ischiadicus
|
sacral plexus—L4–S3; leaves pelvis through greater
sciatic foramen
|
divides into common peroneal and tibial n's, usually in
lower third of thigh
|
(see individual branches in this
table)
|
|
scrotal n's, anterior [general sensory]
|
nn. scrotales anteriores
|
ilioinguinal n.
|
|
skin of anterior scrotal region
|
|
scrotal n's, posterior [general sensory]
|
nn. scrotales posteriores
|
perineal n's
|
|
skin of scrotum
|
|
sphenopalatine n's. See pterygopalatine
n's.
|
|
|
|
|
|
spinal n's
|
nn. spinales
|
the 31 pairs of n's that arise from spinal cord, and
pass between the vertebrae, including 8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5
sacral, and 1 coccygeal
|
|
|
splanchnic n., greater [preganglionic sympathetic,
visceral afferent]
|
n. splanchnicus major
|
thoracic sympathetic trunk and thoracic ganglia T5–T10
of sympathetic trunk
|
|
descending through diaphragm or its aortic opening, ends
in celiac ganglia and plexuses, with a splanchnic ganglion commonly near
the diaphragm
|
|
splanchnic n., lesser [preganglionic sympathetic,
visceral afferent]
|
n. splanchnicus minor
|
thoracic ganglia T9, T10 or sympathetic
trunk
|
renal branch
|
pierces diaphragm, joins aorticorenal ganglion and
celiac plexus, and communicates with renal and superior mesenteric
plexuses
|
|
splanchnic n., lowest [sympathetic, visceral
afferent]
|
n. splanchnicus imus
|
last ganglion of sympathetic trunk or lesser thoracic
n.
|
|
aorticorenal ganglion and adjacent plexus
|
|
splanchnic n's, lumbar [preganglionic sympathetic,
visceral afferent]
|
nn. splanchnici lumbales
|
lumbar ganglia or sympathetic trunk
|
|
upper nerves join celiac and adjacent plexuses, middle
ones go to mesenteric and adjacent plexuses, lower ones descend to superior
hypogastric plexus
|
|
splanchnic n's, pelvic [preganglionic sympathetic,
visceral afferent]
|
nn. splanchnici pelvici
|
sacral plexus—S3–S4
|
|
leaving sacral plexus, they enter inferior hypogastric
plexus and supply pelvic organs
|
|
splanchnic n's, sacral [preganglionic sympathetic,
visceral afferent]
|
nn. splanchnici sacrales
|
sacral part of sympathetic trunk
|
|
pelvic organs and blood vessels via inferior hypogastric
plexus
|
|
stapedius n. [motor]
|
n. stapedius
|
facial n.
|
|
stapedius muscle
|
|
subclavian n. [motor, general sensory]
|
n. subclavius
|
upper trunk of brachial plexus—C5
|
|
subclavius muscle, sternoclavicular joint
|
|
subcostal n. [general sensory, motor]
|
n. subcostalis
|
ventral branch of T12
|
|
skin of lower abdomen and lateral side of gluteal region,
parts of transverse, oblique, and rectus muscles, and usually pyramidal
muscle, and adjacent peritoneum
|
|
sublingual n. [parasympathetic, general
sensory]
|
n. sublingualis
|
lingual n.
|
|
sublingual gland and overlying mucous membrane
|
|
suboccipital n. [motor]
|
n. suboccipitalis
|
dorsal branch of C1
|
|
emerges above posterior arch of atlas, supplies muscles
of suboccipital triangle and semispinal muscle of head
|
|
subscapular n's [motor]
|
nn. subscapulares
|
posterior cord of brachial plexus—C5
|
|
usually two or more nerves, upper and lower, supplying
subscapular and teres major muscles
|
|
supraclavicular n's, anterior. See
supraclavicular n's, medial
|
|
|
|
|
|
supraclavicular n's, intermediate [general
sensory]
|
nn. supraclaviculares intermedii
|
cervical plexus—C3–C4
|
|
descend in posterior triangle, cross clavicle, supplying
skin over pectoral and deltoid regions
|
|
supraclavicular n's, lateral [general
sensory]
|
nn. supraclaviculares laterales
|
cervical plexus—C3–C4
|
|
descend in posterior triangle, cross clavicle, supplying
skin of superior and posterior aspects of shoulder
|
|
supraclavicular n's, medial [general
sensory]
|
nn. supraclaviculares mediales
|
cervical plexus—C3–C4
|
|
descend in posterior triangle, cross clavicle, supplying
skin of medial infraclavicular region
|
|
supraclavicular n's, middle. See supraclavicular
n's, intermediate
|
|
|
|
|
|
supraclavicular n's, posterior. See
supraclavicular n's, lateral
|
|
|
|
|
|
supraorbital n. [general sensory]
|
n. supraorbitalis
|
continuation of frontal n., from ophthalmic
n.
|
lateral and medial branches
|
leaves orbit through supraorbital notch or foramen,
supplying skin of upper eyelid, forehead, anterior part of scalp (to
vertex), mucosa of frontal sinus
|
|
suprascapular n. [motor, general sensory]
|
n. suprascapularis
|
brachial plexus—C5–C6
|
|
descends through suprascapular and spinoglenoid notches,
supplying acromioclavicular and shoulder joints, and supraspinous and
infraspinous muscles
|
|
supratrochlear n. [general sensory]
|
n. supratrochlearis
|
frontal n., from ophthalmic n.
|
|
leaves orbit at end of supraorbital margin, supplying
forehead and upper eyelid
|
|
sural n. [general sensory]
|
n. suralis
|
medial sural n. and communicating branch of common
peroneal n.
|
lateral dorsal cutaneous n. and lateral calcaneal branches
|
skin on back of leg, and skin and joints on lateral side
of foot and heel
|
|
temporal n's, deep [motor]
|
nn. temporales profundi
|
mandibular n.
|
|
temporal muscles
|
|
n. of tensor tympani muscle [motor]
|
n. musculi tensoris tympani
|
mandibular n. via n. to medial pterygoid muscle and otic
ganglion
|
|
tensor muscle of tympanum
|
|
n. of tensor veli palatini muscle [motor]
|
n. musculi tensoris veli palatini
|
mandibular n. via n. to medial pterygoid muscle and otic
ganglion
|
|
tensor muscle of palatine velum
|
|
tentorial n. [general sensory]
|
ramus tentorius nervi ophthalmici
|
ophthalmic n.
|
|
dura mater of tentorium cerebelli
|
|
thoracic n's
|
nn. thoracici
|
the 12 pairs of spinal n's that arise from thoracic
segments of spinal cord, each pair leaving vertebral column below
correspondingly numbered vertebra
|
body wall of thorax and upper part of
abdomen
|
|
thoracic n., long [motor]
|
n. thoracicus longus
|
brachial plexus—ventral branches of C5–C7
|
|
descends behind brachial plexus to anterior serratus
muscle
|
|
thoracic splanchnic n., greater. See splanchnic
n., greater
|
|
|
|
|
|
thoracic splanchnic n., lesser. See splanchnic
n., lesser
|
|
|
|
|
|
thoracic splanchnic n., lowest. See splanchnic
n., lowest
|
|
|
|
|
|
thoracodorsal n. [motor]
|
n. thoracodorsalis
|
posterior cord of brachial plexus—C7–C8
|
|
latissimus dorsi muscle
|
|
tibial n. [general sensory, motor]
|
n. tibialis
|
sciatic n. in lower thigh
|
interosseous n. of leg, medial cutaneous n. of calf,
sural and medial and lateral plantar n's, and muscular and medial calcaneal
branches
|
while still incorporated in sciatic n., supplies
semimembranous and semitendinous muscles, long head of biceps, and adductor
magnus muscle; supplies knee joint as it descends in popliteal fossa;
continuing into leg, supplies muscles and skin of calf, sole, and toes (see
also individual branches in this table)
|
|
trigeminal n. (5th cranial) [general sensory,
motor]
|
n. trigeminus
|
emerges from lateral surface of pons as a motor and a
sensory root, the latter expanding into trigeminal ganglion, from which the
3 divisions of nerve arise (see mandibular n., maxillary n., and ophthalmic
n.)
|
face, teeth, mouth, nasal cavity, muscles of
mastication
|
|
trochlear n. (4th cranial) [motor]
|
n. trochlearis
|
fibers of each nerve (one on either side) decussate
across median plane, and emerge from back of brain stem below corresponding
inferior colliculus
|
|
runs forward in lateral wall of cavernous sinus,
traverses superior orbital fissure, supplying superior oblique muscle of
eyeball
|
|
tympanic n. [general sensory,
parasympathetic]
|
n. tympanicus
|
inferior ganglion of glossopharyngeal n.
|
helps form tympanic plexus
|
mucous membrane of tympanic cavity, mastoid air cells, auditory
tube, and, via lesser petrosal n. and otic ganglion, parotid
gland
|
|
ulnar n. [general sensory, motor]
|
n. ulnaris
|
medial and lateral cords of brachial
plexus—C7–T1
|
muscular, dorsal, palmar, superficial, and deep
branches
|
ultimately to skin on front and medial part of hand,
some flexor muscles on front of forearm, many short muscles of hand, elbow
joint, many joints of hand
|
|
utricular n.
|
n. utricularis
|
the branch of vestibular n. that innervates macula of
utricle
|
|
|
utriculoampullary n.
|
n. utriculoampullaris
|
a n. that arises by peripheral division of vestibular
n., and supplies utricle and ampullae of semicircular ducts
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vaginal n's [sympathetic, parasympathetic]
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nn. vaginales
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uterovaginal plexus
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vagina
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vagus n. (10th cranial) [parasympathetic, visceral
afferent, motor, general sensory]
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n. vagus
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by numerous rootlets from lateral side of medulla
oblongata in groove between olive and inferior cerebellar
peduncle
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superior and recurrent laryngeal n's, meningeal,
auricular, pharyngeal, cardiac, bronchial, gastric, hepatic, celiac, and
renal branches, pharyngeal, pulmonary, and esophageal plexuses, and anterior
and posterior trunks
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descending through jugular foramen, presents as a
superior and inferior ganglion, continues through neck and thorax into
abdomen, supplying sensory fibers to ear, tongue, pharynx, and larynx,
motor fibers to pharynx, larynx, esophagus, and parasympathetic and
visceral fibers to thoracic and abdominal viscera (see also
individual branches in this table)
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vertebral n. [sympathetic]
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n. vertebralis
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cervicothoracic and vertebral
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ascends with vertebral artery and gives fibers to spinal
meninges, cervical n's, and posterior cranial fossa
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vestibular n.
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n. vestibularis
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the posterior part of the vestibulocochlear n.,
concerned with equilibration, consisting of fibers arising from bipolar
cells in vestibular ganglion; divides peripherally into rostral and caudal
parts, with receptors in the ampullae of the semicircular canals, the
ventricle, and the saccule
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vestibulocochlear n. (8th cranial)
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n. vestibulocochlearis
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emerges from brain between pons and medulla oblongata,
at cerebellopontine angle and behind facial n.; divides near lateral end of
internal acoustic meatus into two functionally distinct and incompletely
united components, the vestibular n. and the cochlear n., and is connected
with brain by corresponding roots (vestibular and cochlear
roots)
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vidian n. See n. of pterygoid canal
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vidian n., deep. See petrosal n.,
deep
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zygomatic n. [general sensory]
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n. zygomaticus
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maxillary n., entering orbit through inferior orbital
fissure
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zygomaticofacial and zygomaticotemporal
branches
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communicates with lacrimal nerve, supplying skin of
temple and adjacent part of face
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